《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》与阿伦特的积极生活理论和精神生活理论

发布时间：2018-05-24 21:35

本文选题：《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》 + 积极生活　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉娜·阿伦特是20世纪重要的政治理论家和哲学家,曾先后师从海德格尔和雅斯贝尔斯。1933年,希特勒的纳粹党通过选举上台掌权,反犹情绪的弥漫和海德格尔对纳粹的公开效忠使阿伦特的思想发生了巨大的变化,她的思想关注点开始转向政治学,并投入到现实的公共生活实践之中。在德国、在法国,阿伦特为犹太复国主义团体从事一些具体的工作,如帮助在欧洲学习希伯来语的犹太少年移居到巴勒斯坦的基布兹。后来,阿伦特将自己的行动经历用理论表现出来,完成了《人的境况》一书,之中强调积极生活和行动的重要作用。然而,参加耶路撒冷的艾希曼审判让阿伦意识到仅仅强调人的积极生活是不完整的,对于抵抗邪恶,精神生活的完整性同样重要,于是阿伦特撰写了《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》一书,提出“平庸之恶”、犹太委员会的责任等问题。《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》一书引起了巨大的争论。其中包括《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》与积极生活、精神生活的关系之争,即以《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》为界,阿伦特的积极生活理论与精神生活理论是断裂的还是连续的。笔者通过梳理《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》一书的文本,总结归纳《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》一书与积极生活和精神生活的关系,找到了阿伦特积极生活理论和精神生活理论的共同点——对公共性的强调,并总结出阿伦特整体的政治理论的新共和主义性质。在本文的最后,笔者确定《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》在阿伦特整体政治思想中的作用——它对于阿伦特政治思想中公共性的人之存在境况的拓展。
[Abstract]:Hannah Arendt was an important political theorist and philosopher of the 20th century, who studied under Heidegger and Jaspers. In 1933, Hitler's Nazis came to power through elections. The spread of anti-Semitism and Heidegger's public allegiance to the Nazis caused great changes in Arendt's thought. Her thoughts began to turn to politics and put into the practice of public life. In Germany, in France, Arendt did some specific work for the Zionist community, such as helping Jewish teenagers learn Hebrew in Europe to emigrate to Kibbutz, Palestine. Later, Arendt expressed his action experience in theory and finished the book "the situation of Man", which emphasizes the important role of positive life and action. However, his participation in the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem made Allen realize that it is just as important to emphasize the integrity of a positive human life as to resist evil and the integrity of spiritual life. So Arendt wrote Eichmann in Jerusalem, raising the question of "mediocre evil", the responsibility of the Jewish council, etc. The book "Eichmann in Jerusalem" caused great controversy. This includes the controversy between Eichmann in Jerusalem and the relationship between positive life and spiritual life, that is, with Eichmann in Jerusalem as the boundary, whether Arendt's theory of active life and the theory of spiritual life are broken or continuous. By combing the text of Eichmann in Jerusalem, the author summarizes the relationship between Eichmann in Jerusalem and positive and spiritual life. It finds the common ground of Arendt's theory of active life and spiritual life-the emphasis on publicity, and sums up the new Republican nature of Arendt's political theory as a whole. At the end of this paper, the author determines the role of Eichmann in the overall political thought of Arendt, which extends the existence of the public person in Arendt's political thought.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D091

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