国家构建与后发现代国家政治民主化基础的确立

发布时间：2018-05-25 06:04

本文选题：民主化 + 国家构建　；参考：《中共中央党校》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今世界民主化潮流蔚为壮观，，许多传统国家在这种外在的和内在的民主化压力影响之下开始艰难地向现代民主国家转型。有些国家通过政治改革走向了民主的发展和巩固道路，而更多的国家却在民主化的洪流中被裹挟前行、难以自控，最终走向民主化的失败和国内秩序的混乱。如何实现后发现代国家政治民主化的平稳发展、应对民主化过程中的动荡和风险，业已成为政治学理论研究的一个重要命题。亨廷顿在论述20世纪以来的世界民主化浪潮中指出了后发现代国家民主化回潮和民主崩溃的现象，我国也有学者统计指出在第三波实现民主化转型的100多个国家中至今只有不到20个国家实现了民主的平稳转型和发展巩固。进入21世纪以来，在后发现代国家相继发生了所谓的“颜色革命”和“茉莉花革命”，诸多的传统国家形式在一夜之间被彻底颠覆。在这种突发断裂式的转型下，要想短时期建立起完善、高效的民主秩序几乎是不可能的了。相反，这样的民主化给整个国家的治理带来了更加高昂的成本。后发现代国家的民主化进程缘何如此突变而脆弱？在理论分析和案例研究的基础上，我们发现后发现代国家民主化问题的症结乃在于其缺乏相对充备的民主转型所需的经济、社会、政治及文化等条件基础！那么，面对外部民主化浪潮汹涌而至和内部民主诉求日益高涨，后发现代国家如何保持秩序、实现稳妥的民主转型？笔者认为出路就在国家构建。即构建有利于应对民主化的制度结构、社会结构和文化结构等。本文即从国家构建视角尝试分析后发现代国家在民主化进程中所应扮演的角色和发挥的功能，以期实现民主政治转型的稳步推进。第一章说明了本文的研究背景、相关研究综述及写作思路和创新点；第二章在考察西方国家民主化与国家构建的基础上论证了国家构建和民主化交织相互的关系，并强调了后发国家与之的差别和自身民主化特征；第三章是通过几个国家案例分析了后发现代国家在民主化进程中出现的种种问题及原因，并由此推理出后发国家摆脱民主化困境的理性选择即在于着力进行旨在完善民主生成、发展和巩固的基础要件的国家构建活动；第四章则着重论述了后发现代国家进行国家构建的层次和步骤，其内容包括制度安排、政治社会结构、历史文化等。需要指出的是这些所谓的基础内容不是简单罗列，而是有外在的层次和内在的逻辑。具体的，制度构建是国家构建的基本层面，没有民主制度的完善就没有民主运行的载体，但民主制度功效的发挥往往还有赖于社会结构的均衡合理，否则再好的制度也会因社会结构的失衡而流于形式。同样，合理的社会结构需要制度上的安排和形塑。最后，政治制度和社会结构的优化和运行又离不开政治文化的支撑，而良好的政治文化又是可以通过制度安排和结构变迁得以塑造的，由此形成交织相互的论证关系。最后一章为余论，在整篇论述的基础上尝试说明国家构建与目前我国政治转型和民主政治建设的路径选择。
[Abstract]:The current world trend of democratization is spectacular, and many traditional countries have begun to transform to modern democratic countries under the influence of such external and internal democratic pressures. Some countries have gone through political reform to the development and consolidation of democracy, while more countries have been forced to move forward in the flow of democratization. It has become an important proposition in the study of political theory, how to realize the failure of democratization and the confusion of the domestic order, and how to achieve the smooth development of the political democratization of modern countries and to cope with the turbulence and risk in the process of democratization.
In the wave of world democratization since twentieth Century, Huntington pointed out the phenomenon of democratization and democratic collapse in the post modern country. In our country, there are also some scholars in our country to point out that only less than 20 countries have realized the smooth transition and development of the people in the more than 100 countries which have realized the transition of democratization in the third wave. Since the so-called "Color Revolution" and "Jasmine revolution" have been taken place in the modern country, many traditional national forms have been completely subverted overnight. In this sudden transition, it is impossible to establish a perfect and efficient democratic order in a short period of time. On the contrary, such a democratization is given to the whole. The governance of a country has brought a higher cost.
On the basis of theoretical analysis and case study, we found that the crux of democratization in the modern country is the lack of economic, social, political and cultural conditions needed for the relatively full democratic transition, and the tide of the wave of external democratization is rough. In the future, how to maintain order and achieve a stable democratic transformation? I think the way out is to build the country. That is, the construction of the system structure, the social structure and the cultural structure, which is beneficial to the democratization.
This article tries to analyze the role and function of the post modern country in the process of democratization from the perspective of national construction, in order to realize the steady advancement of the transition of democratic politics. Chapter 1 illustrates the background of the study, the review of the relevant research and the ideas and innovation of the writing; the second chapter examines the democratization and the development of the western countries. On the basis of the construction of the state, the relationship between state construction and democratization is demonstrated, and the difference between the country and its own democratization is emphasized. The third chapter is to analyze the problems and reasons of the democratization in the process of the post modern country through several cases of the country, and deduce that the latter country will get rid of the people. The rational choice of the main predicament is to focus on the construction of the national construction activities aimed at improving the basic elements of the Democratic generation, development and consolidation. The fourth chapter focuses on the levels and steps of the State Construction in the post modern state, including the institutional arrangement, the political and social structure, the historical culture, etc. The basic content of predicate is not a simple list, but an external level and internal logic. Specifically, the construction of the system is the basic level of the construction of the country. Without the perfection of the democratic system, there is no carrier of democratic operation, but the function of the democratic system is often dependent on the balance and rationality of the social structure, otherwise the better system will also be due to The unbalance of social structure flows into form. Similarly, the rational social structure needs institutional arrangements and shapes. Finally, the optimization and operation of the political and social structures can not be separated from the support of political culture, and a good political culture can be molded through institutional arrangements and structural changes, thus forming interlaced and interwoven. The last chapter is the remaining theory. On the basis of the whole discussion, we try to illustrate the path choice between the national construction and the current political transformation and democratic political construction in China.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D082

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