毕生立言争自由—阿克顿政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 11:16

本文选题：阿克顿 + 自由　；参考：《华东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在西方主流的政治思想史研究中,19世纪的思想家阿克顿并不被看作是一位举足轻重的人物。20世纪40年代起,一些学者陆续从阿克顿的文字中发掘出对新时代有所裨益的思想资源,阿克顿在思想史中的地位也不断上升。但国外有关阿克顿的论著多集中在历史学方面的考察,对其政治思想的研究尚不充分。国内学术界更是缺乏有分量的研究成果,目前还没有学者对阿克顿的政治思想进行严肃细致的梳理与分析。本文主要从阿克顿政治思想的文本阅读出发,归纳梳理阿克顿的自由主义思想,厘清他与相关思想家之间的关系,进而比较清晰地勾勒出阿克顿思想中自由、权力与道德之间的契合与张力,解读其思想的价值。本文分为引论、本论和结论三个部分。引论部分简要说明了对阿克顿的政治思想进行研究的意义和国内外研究的情况。本论部分深入探讨了阿克顿的自由主义思想。在对阿克顿的生平和思想背景进行简单介绍后,论文主要围绕阿克顿对自由的理解与追求,对其政治思想的理论内涵进行归纳与分析。阿克顿历史学家的身份使他往往诉诸于历史事实,通过对自由历史的考察探讨自由得以产生的原因、自由的发展、自由得以长久保存的条件,尤其关注那些威胁自由的力量。他认为,绝对权力、多数的暴政、民族主义等都蕴涵着对自由的潜在威胁。对于如何保护自由不被这些力量所吞没这一困扰至今的难题,阿克顿提出的解决方法是：首先是权力的分散,通过制衡机制来制约权力,建立立宪的联邦主义政体模式；其次是尊重各民族的自治权,保持社会的多样性；最后通过宗教自由与政教分离在精神秩序上对自由予以保证。本论最后部分论述了阿克顿对革命的态度变化,以反映阿克顿晚年思想的转变。结论部分是对阿克顿自由主义思想的总体评价与历史定位。虽然阿克顿的思想仍有缺陷,但其对自由的坚定信念,其政治和宗教中的很多观点直到今天也有重要的价值,对当代社会的诸多问题也有一定的启发性。
[Abstract]:In the study of the history of political thought in the mainstream of the West, Acton, a thinker of the 19th century, was not regarded as an important figure since the 1940s. Some scholars have unearthed the thought resources which are beneficial to the new era from Acton's writing, and the status of Acton in the history of thought is also rising. But most of the foreign works about Acton focus on history, and the study of his political thought is not enough. At present, there are no scholars to carve out and analyze Acton's political thought seriously and meticulously. Starting from the text reading of Acton's political thought, this paper sums up and combs Acton's liberal thought, clarifies the relationship between him and relevant thinkers, and then more clearly outlines the freedom in Acton's thought. The connection and tension between power and morality, and the interpretation of the value of its thought. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion. The introduction briefly explains the significance of the research on Acton's political thought and the research situation at home and abroad. This part discusses Acton's liberalism in depth. After a brief introduction of Acton's life and ideological background, the thesis summarizes and analyzes the theoretical connotation of his political thought around his understanding and pursuit of freedom. The identity of the historian of Acton makes him often resort to historical facts, through the study of the history of freedom to explore the causes of freedom, the development of freedom, the conditions for freedom to be preserved for a long time, especially to those forces that threaten freedom. He believes that absolute power, majority tyranny, nationalism and so on all contain the potential threat to freedom. As to how to protect freedom from being engulfed by these forces, Acton put forward the following solutions: first, the decentralization of power, restricting power through the mechanism of checks and balances, and establishing a constitutional federalism model; The second is to respect the autonomy of all ethnic groups, to maintain social diversity, and finally to guarantee freedom in the spiritual order through the separation of religious freedom from the state and religion. The last part of this theory discusses the change of the attitude of Acton to revolution to reflect the change of his thoughts in his later years. The conclusion part is the overall evaluation and historical orientation of Acton liberalism. Although Acton's thoughts are still flawed, his firm belief in freedom, his political and religious views are of great value to this day and enlighten many problems in contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

【共引文献】