西方政治学实验研究演进及其对中国政治学发展的启示

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:42

本文选题：政治学实验研究 + 政治学方法论　；参考：《中共江苏省委党校》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：以习近平主席为核心的新一届党和国家中央领导集体在中共十八届三中全会报告中提出,要将“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为全面深化改革的总目标,该论述标志着我国在政治层面的改革已进入到新的阶段。这就迫切要求中国政治学界提供一大批高质量的研究成果,为在政治层面落实全面深化改革的要求提供有力的理论支持。而在这方面,比较政治学研究无疑具有得天独厚的优势。然而,不论是在面对西方政治现实与政治学研究发展的要求上,还是是对于处于社会、经济以及政治转型过程中的国内现实而言,传统的观察性研究已无法满足政治实践对理论研究的需求。作为对政治学研究由相关性(correlation)分析转向因果关系(causality)分析的回应,政治学实验研究因其弥补了观察性研究的不足而日益得到学界的重视。不过,回顾其发展史不难察觉,政治学中的实验研究在相当长的一段时期内都处于学科边缘的尴尬地位。其学术地位之所以能够得到改善,不仅得益于研究方法及技术的进步,更在于其在方法论层面弥补了观察性研究的不足、很好地回应了政治学研究关注点的转移。而在中国政治学研究的语境中,政治学实验研究有助于改变当前政治学研究仅仅注重提出研究结论而忽视构建论证过程的现状,通过构建相应的形式模型(Formal Model)、带入现实性设置自变量(Reality Setting Independent Variable)并对因变量进行测度等实验操作方法,实验研究可以极大地提升政治学研究结论的可信度,进而拓展中国政治学理论研究的应用场域。同时,政治学实验研究在当下中国能够提高政府决策的民主性和科学性,同时也有利于公民参与及基层民主建设。而作为实验研究分支之一的现场实验研究则借助将实验内嵌入现实政治活动之中的研究路径,使得研究结论一方面具有了较强的内部效度,而且在另一方面得益于实验环境与现实的高度贴合,其外部效度相较于其他类型的政治学实验研究路径也具有相对较大的提升。巧合的是,国内外学者通过观察中国改革开放以来政策制定与政策创新过程,指出我国的政策制定尤其是在政策试点方面存在所谓的“政策试验”特征。再考虑到外国学界将现场实验与政策制定相结合的尝试,作者认为可以通过现场实验改造我国“政策实验”,并将此作为实验研究在中国政治学发展中的突破点。至于本论文所采用的研究方法,一方面,政治学实验研究对于中国政治学界而言仍属于较为前沿的西方政治学研究方法,国内研究鲜有接触,无法为本文的研究提供相应的应用实证进行讨论,另一方面也是由于作者个人学术层次与研究能力仍局限于硕士研究生水平。所以综合考虑,作者只能以对第一手材料的解读与对研究方法应用前景及操作重点的构想为主。不过同时,作者也就其中的学理讨论与具体实施提出了自己的设想。
[Abstract]:In the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee report of the Communist Party and the central leadership of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with President Xi Jinping as the core, it was proposed to "perfect and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of the state governance system and the governance capacity" as the overall goal of deepening the reform, which marks the political level of China. The reform has entered a new stage, which requires the Chinese political community to provide a large number of high quality research results to provide strong theoretical support for the implementation of a comprehensive deepening of the reform at the political level. In this respect, the comparative political study has a unique advantage. However, it is in the face of western politics. The requirements of the research and development of reality and politics are still for the domestic reality in the process of social, economic and political transformation. The traditional observational study can not meet the needs of the political practice on the theoretical research. As a result of the analysis of the political studies from the correlation (correlation) analysis to the causality (causality) analysis However, it is not difficult to look back on the history of its development, but it is not difficult to look back on the history of its development. The experimental research in politics has been in an awkward position on the edge of the subject for a long period of time. Its academic status can be improved, not only from the research method. And the progress of technology is that it makes up for the lack of observational research on the methodology level and responds well to the transfer of the focus of political studies. In the context of Chinese political studies, the experimental study of political science will help to change the current political science research only pay attention to the conclusion of the research and ignore the status of the process of constructing the argument. Through the construction of the corresponding formal model (Formal Model), the experimental operation method is brought into the practical setting of the independent variable (Reality Setting Independent Variable) and the measure of the dependent variable. The experimental research can greatly enhance the credibility of the conclusions of the political studies, and then expand the application field of the Chinese political theory research. The study of experimental studies in China can improve the democracy and scientificity of government decision-making in the present time, and it is also beneficial to citizen participation and grass-roots democracy construction. As one of the branches of experimental research, the field experiment research, with the help of the research path embedded in the actual political activities in the experiment, makes the conclusion of the research strong on the one hand. The internal validity, and on the other hand, is benefited from the high fitting of the experimental environment and reality. The external validity of the internal validity is relatively higher than that of other types of political experimental research. Coincidentally, the domestic and foreign scholars have pointed out the policy of China by observing the policy making and policy innovation process since China's reform and opening up. In particular, there is a so-called "policy test" characteristic in the policy pilot, and the author thinks that foreign academics will combine field experiments with policy making, and the author believes that the "policy experiment" can be reformed through field experiments, and this is the breakthrough point in the development of Chinese Political Science in the experiment. On the one hand, the experimental study of political science still belongs to the more frontier of Western political research methods for Chinese political science circles. There are few contacts in domestic research, which can not provide relevant practical application for this study. On the other hand, the author's personal academic level and research ability are still limited. For the master degree of graduate students, the author can only consider the first hand material and the prospect of the application of the research method and the key point of the operation. At the same time, the author also puts forward his own ideas on the discussion and implementation of the study.
【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D0

【相似文献】