社会契约论人权观研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 17:41

本文选题：社会契约论 + 人权　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：如果细数西方启蒙运动和文艺复兴给人类留下最为宝贵的财富,非社会契约论与人权观念莫属。一直以来是两者支撑西方自由主义世界的发展。其中,社会契约理论在西方资产阶级革命和改革的过程中扮演了极其重要的角色,并作为政治秩序的一种论证方式受到广泛关注。人权观念则作为个人权利的一种实现手段被不断地加以完善,并通过人权理想的法律规定和真正实现形成了自身良好的发展机制。作为政治秩序论说理论的社会契约论与作为个人权利实现的人权理论同样诞生于启蒙时代,两者又具有同源性。通过对契约论者关涉政治构建与权利意识的经典著作的分析,本文认为:两者在理论构架的过程中具有逻辑一致性,即存在一种作为人权论证模式的社会契约理论的理论传统。将社会契约论人权观作为研究对象的意义在于:以社会契约论为媒介分析人权观念,空泛的人权概念可以得到系统的理论论述;以人权观念为视域考察社会契约论,可以在不同版本的社会契约理论当中发现它们之间以人权为纽带的联系以及对人权价值取向的讨论。社会契约论人权观念之同,在于在这些学说当中,都将政治秩序与个人权利塑造为相互统一的和谐共生体,并试图在进行政治架构的同时,保护基于人类理性能力而形成的关乎人类生存的利益。社会契约论人权观念之异,在于而受理论抱负,时代背景以及研究方式的不同,不同的学者——以霍布斯、洛克、卢梭、康德以及罗尔斯为典型,对待政治秩序都有自己与他人相异的观点,而这些观点深深影响着他们对人权价值追求的不同和人权实现的制度设计的不同——这些都直观的反映在他们在各自社会契约理论当中关于人权的论证里面。因而把握社会契约论人权观的论证思路,既是研究社会契约论人权观的最佳视角,也是本文所欲揭示其内在联系的核心任务所在。本文认为,社会契约论者试图从秩序进路、道德进路以及公共选择进路上论证作为一种体现人权观念的社会契约理论,并在此基础上围绕人权价值面向展开讨论。这些都丰富了人权观念的内涵,并促进了人权理论的发展。
[Abstract]:If the Western Enlightenment and Renaissance leave mankind with the most precious wealth, it is not social contract theory and human rights concept. It has always been the two that underpin the development of the western liberal world. Among them, the theory of social contract plays an extremely important role in the process of western bourgeois revolution and reform, and has received extensive attention as a way of demonstration of political order. The concept of human rights, as a means of realizing individual rights, has been continuously perfected, and its own good development mechanism has been formed through the legal provisions of human rights ideal and the real realization of human rights. The theory of social contract as the theory of political order and the theory of human rights as the realization of individual rights were born in the Enlightenment era, and they are of the same origin. Through the analysis of the classical works of the indentationists concerned with the political construction and the consciousness of rights, this paper holds that the two have logical consistency in the process of the theoretical framework, that is, there is a theoretical tradition of the social contract theory as the mode of human rights argumentation. The significance of taking the concept of human rights of social contract as the object of study lies in the following aspects: to analyze the concept of human rights through the theory of social contract, to analyze the concept of human rights in a systematic way, to examine the theory of social contract from the perspective of the concept of human rights. In different versions of the social contract theory, we can find the connection of human rights and the discussion of the value orientation of human rights. The common idea of human rights in social contract theory is that in these theories, political order and individual rights are all shaped as harmonious symbionts, and they try to carry out political structure at the same time. The protection of human rational ability and the formation of the interests of human survival. The difference in the concept of human rights in the social contract lies in the different theoretical aspirations, background of the times and the way of research. Different scholars are typical of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant and Rawls. Every political order has its own views different from those of others, These viewpoints deeply influence their different value pursuit of human rights and the different institutional design of human rights realization, which are directly reflected in their arguments on human rights in their respective social contract theory. Therefore, it is not only the best angle of view to study the concept of human rights of social contract, but also the core task of this paper to reveal its internal relationship. This paper holds that the social contract theorists try to demonstrate the social contract theory from the order path, the moral path and the public choice path as a social contract theory which embodies the concept of human rights, and on this basis discusses the value orientation of human rights. These have enriched the connotation of the concept of human rights and promoted the development of the theory of human rights.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D091

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