中国传统政治的文化解读

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:35

本文选题：中国传统政治 + 血缘宗法　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：怎样认识中国传统政治的文化因素,及其对当代的影响与启示已经成为当前学术界关注和研究的一个重要问题之一,许多研究者都从不同角度对这一问题进行了研究,但其规范性、系统性还不够深入。本文以中国传统政治为研究对象,运用马克思主义基本原理和方法论,特别是马克思主义的批判文化的理论,以文化的视角进行深入解读,对中国传统政治的矛盾冲突加以总结,并分析其存在的根源,通过文化批判和继承,进一步客观认识中国传统政治的产生、发展与特征,在探讨其存在的历史必然性和合理性的同时,深刻揭示其历史局限性。文章主要内容分六大部分：第一部分,以中国“大一统”政治格局形成的地理环境为主题,分别对有利于统一的地理条件即丘陵与平原的分布及其作用、华北平原的独特政治功能,不利于统一的地理条件即多种性地貌造成的交通不便与区域差异以及政治统治对自然差异的强化进行分析,论述了“大一统”君主专制政治的历史必然性即地理环境对“大一统”政治需要的适应以及民族战争对“大一统”的强化与推动作用。第二部分,以中国传统政治的血缘宗法文化为主题,分别从血缘宗法文化的形成即国家政治与血缘文化的整体性、血缘宗法文化与专制政治的契合,血缘文化的基本特征即血缘宗法文化的独特性、血缘宗法文化与政治关系的混同性、血缘宗法文化影响的延续性进行分析,特别对血缘宗法文化的混同性中“政治组织与家族组织的合一、君统与宗统的合一和国家的政治观念与家庭的宗法观念的合一”进行了“三合一”的概括阐述,论述了血缘宗法文化对传统政治的影响即早期国家结构中的宗法文化的影响、血缘宗法文化影响力的弱化趋势、君主专制的新变化。第三部分,以中国传统政治的社会本位文化为主题,分别从社会本位文化的形成及价值目标即社会本位文化系统的形成、社会本位文化系统的价值目标,社会本位文化的基本特征即义务本位的单向性、角色本位的名教性进行分析,论述了社会本位文化对中国传统政治的影响即形成了义务本位的文化体系、构建起“礼”的义务规范体系、显现了角色本位的文化特性。第四部分,以中国传统政治的符号文化为主题,分别对符号文化的基本形态即政治符号——综合分析、思想符号——以政治神话为例、建筑符号——以宫殿为例进行分析,论述了符号文化对中国传统政治的影响即政治符号的功能、政治神话的功能、祭祀礼仪的功能、宫室建筑的功能,阐述了四者叠加生成一种新的观念,形成无形的软性服从力,共同完成相同或相似的政治功能,共同昭示皇权的权威。第五部分,以中国传统政治的伦理文化为主题,分别从伦理化的形成即文化制约政治组织生成机制的形成、伦理文化的基本特征即伦理文化与儒学相契合、伦理文化与政治权力紧密结合进行分析,论述了伦理文化对中国传统政治的影响即伦理文化对政治组织运行的制约、伦理文化对君权的制约、伦理文化对专制政治的功效。第六部分,以中国传统政治的“圣王政治”文化为主题,分析论述了“内圣外王”政治文化的外在合理性即“王”的权力和“圣”的义务、“圣”的道德和“王”的权力、“王”的事功和“圣”的道德,揭示了“内圣外王”政治文化的内在矛盾性即“圣王合一”的现实虚幻性、“内圣外王”政治文化的本质虚伪性、“内圣外王”的反文化性。文化批判的目的是为了文化继承。马克思主义文化批判选择的价值标准和基本原则应当是“取其精华,去其糟粕”。诚然,文化工作在我国革命、建设、改革各个历史时期都发挥了不可替代的重大作用,我们不守旧复古,更不主张用传统政治文化来指导现代化建设。本文从文化的视角深刻阐述中国传统政治历史局限性及对中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的启示意义,从而进一步阐明当代中国选择适合自身国情的发展道路,构建符合历史与现实、国内与国外、传统与现代的民族文化的重要价值与客观选择。
[Abstract]:How to understand the cultural factors of Chinese traditional politics and its influence and inspiration to the present time has become one of the important issues of attention and research in the current academic circles. Many researchers have studied this problem from different angles, but their standardization and systematicness are not deep enough. This article is based on Chinese traditional politics, Using the basic principle and methodology of Marx's doctrine, especially the theory of Marx's critical culture, a thorough interpretation is carried out from a cultural perspective, the contradiction and conflict of Chinese traditional politics are summarized, and the origin of its existence is analyzed. Through cultural criticism and inheritance, the development and special development of Chinese traditional politics is made, and the development and special development of the Chinese traditional politics are made. While exploring the historical inevitability and rationality of its existence, we profoundly reveal its historical limitations. The main contents of the article are divided into six parts.
In the first part, the geographical environment formed by the political pattern of "great unification" in China is the theme of the geographical conditions, which are beneficial to the unification of the geographical conditions, namely the distribution and function of the hilly and plain, and the unique political function of the North China Plain, which is not conducive to the unified geographical conditions, namely, the traffic inconveniences and regional differences caused by the multiple landforms, and the political rule. The intensification of the natural difference is analyzed, and the historical inevitability of the monarchy of "great unification" is discussed, that is, the adaptation of the geographical environment to the political needs of the "great unification" and the strengthening and promoting the national war on the "great unification".
The second part, with the theme of Chinese traditional politics, blood consanguineous patriarchal culture, from the formation of blood consanguineous patriarchal culture, namely the unity of national politics and blood relationship culture, consanguinity of patriarchal culture and autocratic politics, the basic characteristics of blood related culture, the uniqueness of blood consanguineous patriarchal culture, the mixing of blood related patriarchal culture and political relations. The continuity of the influence of patriarchal patriarchal culture is analyzed, in particular, "the combination of political organization and family organization, the unity of the monarch and the clan and the unity of the political concept and the family's patriarchal concept" in the confuse of blood consanguinity and patriarchal culture are summarized in the "three in one", and the blood consanguineous patriarchal culture is discussed in the traditional politics. The influence is the influence of patriarchal culture in the early national structure, the weakening trend of the influence of blood clan culture, and the new change of autocratic monarchy.
The third part, taking the social standard culture of Chinese traditional politics as the theme, from the formation of the social standard culture and the value goal that is the formation of the social standard cultural system, the value goal of the social standard culture system, the basic characteristics of the social standard culture, the single orientation of the duty standard, the role standard of the name and education, and the discussion. The influence of the social standard culture on the Chinese traditional politics formed the cultural system of the obligation standard, constructed the standard system of the "ceremony" and showed the cultural characteristics of the role standard.
The fourth part, taking the symbol culture of Chinese traditional politics as the theme, the basic form of the symbol culture, namely, the political symbol, the comprehensive analysis, the ideological symbol - Taking the political myth as an example, the architectural symbol - the analysis of the palace as an example, expounds the influence of the symbol culture on the Chinese traditional politics, that is, the function of the political symbol, and the politics. The function of mythology, the function of sacrificial etiquette and the function of the palace architecture, the superposition of the four sets up a new idea, forming the invisible soft obedience, accomplishes the same or similar political function together, and shows the authority of the imperial power together.
The fifth part, taking the ethical culture of Chinese traditional politics as the theme, respectively from the formation of the formation of ethical formation, namely, the formation mechanism of cultural restriction on political organization, the basic characteristics of ethical culture, that is, the combination of ethical culture and Confucianism, and the close combination of ethical culture and political power, and discusses the influence of ethical culture on Chinese traditional politics. That is, the restriction of ethical culture on the operation of political organizations, the restriction of ethical culture on monarchical power, and the effect of ethical culture on autocracy.
The sixth part, based on the theme of the "holy King politics" culture of Chinese traditional politics, analyzes and expounds the external rationality of the political culture of "the inner sage and the king", that is, the power of "King" and the obligation of "holy", the morality of "Saint" and the power of "Wang", the deeds of "Wang" and the morality of "holy", which reveal the political culture of "the inner sage and the king". The internal contradiction is the illusion of "unity of kings and kings", the hypocrisy of "inner saint and outer king" political culture, and the anti culture of "inner saint and outer king".
The purpose of cultural criticism is to inherit culture. The value standards and basic principles of the choice of Marx's cultural criticism should be "take the essence and go to the dregs". From the perspective of culture, this paper expounds the limitations of Chinese traditional political history and its implications for the political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus further clarifying the development road for contemporary China to choose suitable for its own national conditions, building a consistent history and reality, domestic and foreign, traditional and modern. The important value and objective choice of the national culture.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D092

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