殷海光政治思想评析

发布时间：2019-05-09 19:14

【摘要】：殷海光(1919-1969)中国台湾地区20世纪50-60年代最具影响力的学者、政论家、哲学家和逻辑学家,也是中国现代重要思想家之一,中国现代自由主义思潮的重要代表人物。殷海光的政治思想一方面继承了五四以来中国自由主义的传统,另一方面又努力吸收西方古典自由主义的理论,试图在近代中国的文化思想和政治脉络下,建构较为完善的自由主义理论框架。在殷海光的政治思想中他一直相当重视人的价值,并将“人本主义”这一观点始终贯穿于自由、民主思想当中。笔者认为对殷海光的政治思想进行研究,无疑对当前社会主义和谐社会,树立以人为本的科学发展观都要重要的启示和意义。文章对殷海光政治思想的研究主要从这几个方面展开：首先,简要的介绍殷海光的生平和学术造诣,以及当代中国自由主义知识分子对他的高度评价。其次,文章详细地阐述殷海光政治思想产生和形成的发展过程。殷海光的政治思想受到自由、民主的启蒙和人本主义思想的影响下所形成的,从最早的民族主义到民生主义最后落脚于民主主义,对自由民主的追求成为他一生奋斗的方向。第三,文章将对殷海光的政治思想进行概括和归纳。笔者认为在殷海光的政治思想是以人本主义作为哲学基础,肯定个人自由、呼吁个人权利,主张通过法治、保护私有财产保障自由；另一方面,他重视民主,对民主有深刻的见解和认识,主张将民主落实于基本人权之上,如何实现民主,他也提出了自己的观点。他承认民主制度存在一些不足,但仍肯定民主是最优的一种政治安排。第四,本文对殷海光的政治思想进行了评价。除了肯定他的政治思想的贡献和指出不足之外,本文更将殷海光的自由民主思想与马克思的自由民主思想进行了可通约性的分析,从而更全面的把握殷海光政治思想的价值。最后,文章对主题进一步提升,得到了启示：1.构建社会主义和谐社会,要做到两点：第一,要不断提高个体的政治主体地位,从政治地位和个体权利上真正实现以人为本；第二,要加快转变政府职能,服务于民。只有实现人的全面而自由的发展,社会才能发展进步。2.要实现公民的政治自由,不仅需要对权力进行监督和制约,另一方面也要不断完善法治制度,充分保障公民的个人自由和政治权利。3.坚持发展中国特色民主政治,一方面要不断提高公民民主意识,进行政治文化建设；另一方面要不断推进渐进、有序的社会主义民主政治改革,不断完善社会主义民主制度建设。
[Abstract]:Yin Haiguang (1919 / 1969), the most influential scholar, political theorist, philosopher and logician in Taiwan in the 1950s and 1960s, is also one of the important thinkers in modern China and an important representative of the trend of thought of modern liberalism in China. Yin Haiguang's political thought, on the one hand, inherited the tradition of Chinese liberalism since the May 4th Movement, on the other hand, tried hard to absorb the theory of western classical liberalism and tried to follow the cultural and political context of modern China. To construct a more perfect theoretical framework of liberalism. In Yin Haiguang's political thought, he has always attached great importance to the value of human beings, and has always put the view of humanism throughout the liberal and democratic thoughts. The author thinks that the study of Yin Haiguang's political thought undoubtedly has important enlightenment and significance to the current socialist harmonious society and to establish the people-oriented scientific development view. This paper mainly studies Yin Haiguang's political thought from these aspects: first of all, it briefly introduces Yin Haiguang's life and academic attainments, as well as the high evaluation of him by contemporary Chinese liberal intellectuals. Secondly, the article expounds in detail the development process of Yin Haiguang's political thought. Under the influence of freedom, democratic enlightenment and humanism, Yin Haiguang's political thought, from the earliest nationalism to the people's livelihood, finally settled in democracy, and the pursuit of freedom and democracy became the direction of his lifelong struggle. Third, the article will summarize and summarize Yin Haiguang's political thought. The author thinks that the political thought of Yin Haiguang is based on humanism, affirming individual freedom, calling for individual rights, advocating the rule of law, protecting the freedom of private property; On the other hand, he attached great importance to democracy, had profound views and understanding of democracy, advocated the implementation of democracy over basic human rights, and how to achieve democracy, he also put forward his own point of view. He acknowledged that democracy had some shortcomings, but still affirmed that democracy was the best political arrangement. Fourth, this paper evaluates Yin Haiguang's political thought. In addition to confirming the contribution of his political thought and pointing out his shortcomings, this paper also analyzes Yin Haiguang's thought of free democracy and Marx's thought of free democracy, so as to grasp the value of Yin Haiguang's political thought more comprehensively. Finally, the article further improves the theme, and obtains the enlightenment: 1. In order to build a harmonious socialist society, we should do two things: first, we should constantly improve the status of individual political subjects and truly realize people-oriented in terms of political status and individual rights; second, we should speed up the transformation of government functions and serve the people. Only by realizing the all-round and free development of human beings can society develop and make progress. 2. In order to realize the political freedom of citizens, it is not only necessary to supervise and restrict the power, on the other hand, it is necessary to constantly improve the system of the rule of law and fully protect the individual freedom and political rights of citizens. In order to persist in the development of democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, on the one hand, we should constantly improve the democratic consciousness of citizens and carry out the construction of political culture; On the other hand, we should constantly promote gradual and orderly socialist democratic political reform and constantly improve the construction of socialist democratic system.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092

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