洪武永乐时期达官研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 20:34

本文关键词：洪武永乐时期达官研究　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“达官”即“鞑官”,实指明朝建立后归附来的包括蒙古、女真、色目等诸少数民族,在明朝诸卫所里任职各官军的通称。明代卫所里“达官”的出现,这与明朝对待少数民族的政策和卫所制度息息相关。明太祖积极招徕蒙古降人的政治策略收到了良好的效果,前来归降者络绎不绝,这对加速北元残余势力的削弱和衰败,安定明朝的北部边境起了很大的作用。明初统治者对“达官”进行了安置、赏赐和优厚的待遇,对于故元王公贵族和武将军官,明朝依照其在故元的地位及所担任的职位来安置,授予他们相应的职位、发放俸禄、安排居住地,他们分散供职于明朝各个部门;对于普通民众而言,则被更多的安插在全国各地卫所中,他们有的承担着生产任务,保障明朝后勤,有的屯守边关,各自对明朝政治的稳定和发展做出了应有贡献。对于“达官”的管理问题,明初统治者根据归降“达官”背景条件,制定了不同的管理方式,由锦衣卫镇抚司代为管理的“达官”主要组成是故元王公大臣、军官将士,明初朝廷将其安置在京畿的锦衣卫中,给予厚待的同时严密防范,使其在明朝政府牢牢的控制范围之内;而安置在其他卫所中的“达官”,是由以蒙古为主的内迁归附鞑靼部众,他们不属于蒙古核心贵族部落,相对比较稳定,明朝将这些“达官”安置于诸卫所,为朝廷效力。归附明朝的“达官”既有蒙古元室后裔、王公贵族,也有女真、色目等诸少数民族组成的大量中下级官吏及军士。由于他们语言不同、出身不同、职业不同,明政府采取不同的办法,使其各得其所、各尽其能、各务其业,如征战戍守、民族外交工作、从事畜牧业生产等方面。“达官”在洪武、永乐时期军事行动上的优势,明太祖任用归附达官于诸卫所中就职,率领他们数次北伐残元势力,屡立战功;成祖靖难的成功和五次北伐的顺利也离不开“达官”的效力。这使得“达官”这一特殊群体在明初国家政局和边境的稳定中发挥了不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:"Da Guan", that is, "Tataran", refers to the following ethnic minorities, including Mongolia, Nu Zhen, Xiemu and other ethnic groups, who served in various official armies in the Zhuwei offices of the Ming Dynasty, and the appearance of the "Da Guan" in the Wei offices in the Ming Dynasty. This is closely related to the policy of the Ming Dynasty towards ethnic minorities and the system of the Wei Institute. The Ming Taizu's political strategy of actively soliciting Mongolia to surrender has received good results, and there has been an endless stream of people coming back to China. This accelerated the weakening and decline of the residual forces in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and stabilized the northern border of the Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the rulers placed, rewarded and treated the "officials". For the aristocrats and generals of the late Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty placed them in accordance with their status in the late Yuan and the positions they held, granting them corresponding positions, paying salaries, and arranging their places of residence. They worked in various departments of the Ming Dynasty; For the ordinary people, they are more planted in the whole country, some of them undertake production tasks, to protect the Ming Dynasty logistics, some to guard the border. Each made its due contribution to the political stability and development of the Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the rulers made different management methods according to the background conditions of returning to and downgrading the officials. By Jin Yi Wei town for the management of the "official" is the main composition of the late Wang Gong Minister, officers and soldiers, the early Ming Dynasty will be placed in the Jin Yi Wei Jing Ji, to give strict protection at the same time. To make it firmly under the control of the Ming government; The "Dharma officials" who were placed in other garages were transferred from Mongolia to Tatars. They did not belong to the core aristocratic tribes of Mongolia, and were relatively stable. In the Ming Dynasty, these "officials" were placed in Zhuwei's offices. To serve for the court. Attached to the Ming "officials" both Mongolian Yuan room descendants, princes and aristocrats, but also a large number of minority ethnic minorities such as female Zhen, Xuan, officials and non-commissioned officers. Because of their different languages, different origins. In different occupations, the Ming government adopted different methods to enable them to get their own place, to do their best, and to do their own business, such as garrison, national diplomacy, animal husbandry production and other aspects. "officials" in Hongwu. Yongle period military action advantage, Ming Taizu appointed to the attached officials in Zhuwei office, led them several Northern Expedition residual Yuan forces, repeatedly established war; The success of Chengzu and the success of the five Northern Expedition cannot be separated from the effect of "reaching the official", which makes this special group play an irreplaceable role in the national political situation and the stability of the border in the early Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248

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