清代河南的药材贸易

发布时间：2018-01-02 12:11

  本文关键词：清代河南的药材贸易　出处：《云南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 清代 河南 药材 贸易

【摘要】：河南的药材贸易发展至清代达到顶峰,颇具规模的药材生产、较为完善的药材市场和兢兢业业的药材商人都是促使这一局面形成的重要因素。清代河南的药材贸易在全国、尤其是在北方占有重要地位,深入探讨这一问题,无疑对全面认识清代河南商品经济的发展有着一定的学术价值。论文共分为四章：第一章,清代河南特产药材的分布及生产。药材分布受自然环境的影响较大,河南西部多山地、丘陵和盆地,药材资源较之东部平原地区更为丰富。且随着市场需求的不断增加,仅靠采集已不能保证供应,越来越多个药材种植区域应运而生。清代河南的野生药材分布区和人工药材种植区基本是重合的,这些产地成为药材市场上商品来源的强大后盾。第二章,清代河南的三级药材市场。三级市场都有对药材进行集散,但是因为影响范围的不同,各自的主要职能也有差异：初级市场负责将散落于药农手中的药材进行汇聚并送往高层市场,中级市场主要进行区域间药材的转运,高级市场兼顾全国范围内药材的批发和药业信息的交换。初级和中级药材市场数量较多,且有其明显的主导因素：药材产地和交通状况；高级药材市场则凤毛麟角,除了上述两者,还受历史传统、市场距离等的影响,情况较为复杂。第三章,清代河南的药商及活动范围。清代河南形成了怀庆和武安两大商人群体,因主要经营的商品中都有药材,也被视为药商。怀庆和武安药商以河南为大本营,分别立足湖北汉口和东北地区,走南闯北、栉风沐雨,足迹遍布全国,为河南经济的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。第四章,清代河南药材市场在全国中的地位。药材的销量与距离大致呈反比,一地药材的生产首先是要满足周边民众所需,然后才进行长距离贩运。一定范围内,普通药材于临近省份间进行互补,再有一个辐射全国的大型药材市场来供给稀有药材,那么,多数药材的来源便有了保障,一个联系紧密的区域性药材市场即可形成。清代南、北方几个区域性药材市场的发展并驾齐驱,这便削弱了河南药材市场在南方的影响,遂将其定位于“北方重要的药材市场之一”更为恰当。
[Abstract]:Henan medicine trade developed to the peak of the Qing Dynasty, a considerable scale of production of medicinal materials. More perfect medicine market and conscientious medicine traders are the important factors to promote the formation of this situation. Henan medicine trade in the Qing Dynasty occupies an important position in the whole country, especially in the north. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first chapter, the distribution and production of Henan specialty medicinal materials in Qing Dynasty. The distribution of medicinal materials is greatly affected by the natural environment. In the western part of Henan, the resources of medicinal herbs are more abundant than those in the eastern plain, and with the increasing demand of the market, the supply can not be guaranteed only by collecting. More and more growing areas of medicinal materials came into being. The distribution of wild medicinal materials in Henan in Qing Dynasty and the growing areas of artificial medicinal materials were basically overlapped, which became the strong backing of the source of commodities on the market of medicinal materials. Chapter two. In the Qing Dynasty, there were three kinds of medicinal materials market in Henan. All the three markets distributed the medicinal materials, but because of the different range of influence. There are also differences in their main functions: primary markets are responsible for the confluence of medicinal materials scattered in the hands of drug farmers and are sent to the higher markets, while intermediate markets are mainly for the trans-shipment of interregional medicines. The high market takes into account the wholesale of medicinal materials and the exchange of pharmaceutical information in the whole country. There are many primary and intermediate medicinal materials markets, and there are obvious leading factors: the origin of medicinal materials and the traffic situation; In addition to the above two, but also by the historical tradition, market distance, and so on, the situation is more complex. Chapter 3. The pharmacists and activities of Henan in Qing Dynasty. Henan formed Huai Qing and Wu'an two groups of merchants, because the main commodities in which there are medicinal materials, are also regarded as drug dealers. Huai Qing and Wu'an medicine merchants take Henan as their base camp. Respectively based on the Hubei Hankou and northeast areas, travel north and south, chlamys Muyu, footprints all over the country, for the economic development of Henan made indelible contribution. 4th chapter. Henan medicine market in the Qing Dynasty in the status of the country. The sales volume of medicinal materials and distance is roughly inversely proportional to the production of a local medicine is first to meet the needs of the surrounding people, and then to carry out long-distance trafficking. Within a certain range. Common medicinal materials in the neighboring provinces complement each other, and there is a large market for radiating the country to supply rare medicinal materials, then, the source of most medicinal materials will be guaranteed. The development of several regional medicine markets in the south and north of the Qing Dynasty kept pace with each other, which weakened the influence of Henan medicine market in the south. Therefore, it is more appropriate to position it as one of the important herbal medicine markets in the north.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F329;K249
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本文编号：1369160