袭常与新变的明清文化

发布时间：2018-01-08 01:09

  本文关键词：袭常与新变的明清文化　出处：《探索与争鸣》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

  更多相关文章： 周制 秦制 袭常 新变

【摘要】：明(1368~1644年)清(1644~1911年)是2000年宗法君主集权社会的晚期,周秦两制交集的制度一如秦汉以来之惯常,不过"秦制"尤其昭彰,其弊端被时之有识者批评,谋求变革的呼声此起彼伏,清初顾炎武称自己所处时代"已居于不得不变之势"。秦以下,有过汉晋更革、唐宋更革,但那都是在农耕文明—君主集权政治大格局内部的调整。中国历史上突破上述格局、以工业文明—民主政治为目标的大更革,在清末民初得以展开,而明代及清代前中期恰值这一大转折的前夜,其国内表征是资本主义萌芽和早期启蒙文化出现,国际条件是西方近代文化东来。然"萌芽"幼弱、"启蒙"声希,明清文化主流延续着秦汉以降的常态,而扬弃性的文化变革在潜滋暗长,所谓"常"中寓"变"、"变"中有"常",故明清文化宜以"袭常与新变"概括。
[Abstract]:Ming Dynasty 1368 ~ 1644) Qing Dynasty 1644 ~ 1911) was the late period of the totalitarian society of patriarchal monarchs in 2000, and the system of the intersection of the two systems of Zhou and Qin dynasties was as usual since the Qin and Han dynasties. However, the "Qin system" is particularly obvious, its drawbacks were criticized by the knowledgeable, the voice for change one after another, Gu Yanwu said in the early Qing Dynasty that his time "has had to change the trend." under Qin, there was more leather in the Han and Jin dynasties. Tang and Song dynasties were more leather, but they were all the internal adjustment of agricultural civilization-monarchy centralization politics. In the history of China, it broke through the above pattern and took the industrial civilization-democratic politics as the goal, which was carried out in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. On the eve of the great turning point of the Ming Dynasty and the middle period of the Qing Dynasty, its domestic manifestation was the emergence of capitalism and the early enlightenment culture, and the international condition was that the western modern culture came from the east, but the "budding" was weak. It is hoped that the mainstream culture of Ming and Qing dynasties will continue the normal state of Qin and Han dynasties, while the cultural change of sublation will be hidden in the dark. The so-called "Chang" means "change" and "change" has "Chang". Therefore, the Ming and Qing culture should be summed up by "imitating often and new changes".
【作者单位】： 武汉大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K248
【正文快照】： 史学的功能,要者在展开历史发展过程,明其变易,方能识破兴废成败之底里。孟子曰:“观水有术,必观其澜。”[1]观史亦然,须从历史流程(尤其是转折处)着眼。讨论明清文化,需要将其置于中国乃至世界历史波澜壮阔的进程中加以考究。一明清是秦汉以下帝制系列的末端,但这个末端并非，

本文编号：1394994