明代湖南疫灾防治研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 12:50

本文关键词：明代湖南疫灾防治研究　出处：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在探究明代湖南地区相关疫情史实基础之上,着重探讨了明代湖南疫灾的流行及其防治问题,试图对明代湖南区域社会医疗文化史领域做一些初步研究。首先,通过对疫病的一系列发展特性,界定了论文所要探讨的疫病主要是指具有强烈传染性、易引起高伤害高死亡率的一类传染病；所要讨论的疫灾是指极易引发社会危害的疫病事件。界定了疫病的定义与范围后,笔者通过收集明代湖南地区方志、明史、明实录等史料制成《明代湖南地区疫灾年表》,依据年表的疫时、疫区及疫情等具体数据统计,分析了明代湖南疫灾流行的基本概况,分布特点及其疫灾爆发的起因。发现明代湖南疫灾呈现“疫区三大片,三次大疫情,三年来一次”的基本规律。而疫灾爆发高峰期主要集中在夏秋两季,冬季发病率最少,这也符合传染病疾病夏秋高发的特点；还有就是王朝前期疫灾较少,中期逐渐频繁,到了后期到达最高峰等规律。同时,发现水旱灾害与饥荒是诱发明代湖南地区疫灾最为主要的因子。其次,从社会医疗文化史的角度,较为详细地探讨了明代湖南地区政府与民间两个层面上是如何践行疫灾防治的问题。总体来讲,政府的疫灾防治措施还是及时有效的,挽救了大量疫病患者,帮助疫民重建了家园；但也出现了一些官员漠视生命、玩忽职守的现象。特别是到了明朝末期,随着商品经济的发展,民间势力逐渐成为了疫灾防治的主要力量。最后,总结了湖南地区官民疫灾防治的总体特征及对防治举措总体评价。可知,疫灾防治是一项系统工程,需要全面配合,全面参与。不管是政府引导还是民间自发的救灾,直到近代慈善公益观念的形成与发展,救灾日益社会化。全民动员,凝聚共识,政府主导,积极调动社会力量救灾,是古今救灾的通识规律。这对当今我们多元化的救灾体制之形成具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical facts of the epidemic situation in Hunan in Ming Dynasty, this paper focuses on the epidemic and prevention of the epidemic in Hunan in Ming Dynasty. This paper tries to do some preliminary research on the history of social medical culture in Hunan in Ming Dynasty. First of all, through a series of development characteristics of epidemic disease, it defines the epidemic disease that the paper will discuss mainly refers to having strong infectivity. A class of infectious diseases that are prone to high injury and high mortality; After defining the definition and scope of epidemic disease, the author collected the local records of Hunan area of Ming Dynasty and the history of Ming Dynasty. The historical records of Ming Dynasty and other historical materials were made into "the year Table of epidemic disasters in Hunan area of Ming Dynasty". Based on the specific data of epidemic time, epidemic area and epidemic situation of Ming Dynasty, the basic situation of epidemic disaster in Hunan in Ming Dynasty was analyzed. The distribution characteristics and the causes of the outbreak of the epidemic disaster. It was found that the epidemic disaster in Hunan in Ming Dynasty presented the basic law of "three large epidemic areas, three great epidemics and one outbreak in the past three years", while the peak period of epidemic disaster occurred mainly in summer and autumn. The incidence of disease in winter is the least, which also accords with the characteristics of high incidence of infectious diseases in summer and autumn. At the same time, it was found that flood and drought disasters and famine were the most important factors to induce the epidemic disaster in Hunan in Ming Dynasty. From the perspective of the history of social medical culture, this paper discusses in detail how to practice the prevention and cure of epidemic disaster at the two levels of government and folk in Hunan in Ming Dynasty. The government's prevention and control measures are timely and effective, saving a large number of epidemic patients, helping the epidemic people rebuild their homes; However, some officials ignored their lives and neglected their duties. Especially in the late Ming Dynasty, with the development of commodity economy, folk forces gradually became the main force of epidemic prevention. This paper summarizes the general characteristics of the prevention and control of the official and civilian epidemic in Hunan and the overall evaluation of the prevention and control measures. It is known that the prevention and control of the epidemic is a systematic project and needs to be fully coordinated. Full participation. Whether it is the government to guide or folk spontaneous relief until the formation and development of modern charitable public welfare concept disaster relief is increasingly socialized. Active mobilization of social forces for disaster relief is the general law of disaster relief in ancient and modern times, which has certain guiding significance for the formation of our pluralistic disaster relief system.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248

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