战国秦汉九原历史沿革考论

发布时间：2018-02-22 15:05

本文关键词： 秦汉边郡九原历史沿革　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：九原位于今天内蒙古自治区包头市境内,它处于黄河几字形转弯处,在干旱与半干旱气候区的分界点上。在历史时期的大部分时间里,九原是内蒙古自治区中南部农耕文明与游牧文明的交界点,其北部的阴山地区历来为农耕之北限。自战国以来赵武灵王占据九原建立郡县以后,九原就一直处于中原王朝与游牧政权争夺的前沿。九原北靠阴山,南临黄河,为北方游牧民族南下和中原王朝北进的战略要地。战国以后,匈奴在北方草原地带建立了一个庞大的游牧帝国,中原王朝为抑制匈奴帝国的向南扩张在九原地区修筑长城、建立郡县、开通直道,在中原王朝强盛之时,以九原为依托不断地向北方拓地,匈奴势力在中原王朝的军事压力下不断北迁,而中原王朝衰落之时,匈奴沿阴山一线逐渐南下。由此可知,中原王朝与北方民族的边界并非一成不变,势力的消长正是边界变化的原因,战国至秦汉九原郡的沿革变迁不仅仅是中原王朝内政调整而产生的,北方游牧民族的北徙与南下也是产生九原疆域沿革与变迁的原因之一。战国时期,为了在争霸中胜出,各国纷纷变法。赵武灵王则仿效北方游牧民族胡服骑射进行军事变革,建立骑兵部队,使其军事实力大大增强,其时赵国的周边北有中山,南有魏,东有齐,俱为强国,只有其北面为楼烦、林胡等民族部落林立,处于部落阶段,于是赵武灵王破楼烦、林胡,西北略地到九原,后在此建立郡县,移民戍边,秦汉之九原郡就来自赵之九原郡。关于赵、秦汉之九原郡的治所九原城所在一直众说纷纭,现在主要有三种说法:第一,内蒙古自治区临河市乌拉特前旗三顶账房古城,持此说的主要有李逸友等人,第二,内蒙古自治区包头市九原区孟家梁古城,持此说的主要有王文楚等人,第三,内蒙古自治区包头市九原区麻池古城,持此说的主要有郭建中等人。文章综合以上诸家的看法,倾向于第三种看法。赵国之时,九原为楼烦、林胡之地,赵武灵王开疆拓土后纳入中原王朝的管辖范围,赵国在此建立郡县,修筑长城,以此防御北部匈奴之南下。秦始皇统一之后,命蒙恬北逐匈奴,把九原郡的管辖范围扩大到狼山一带,匈奴不胜秦,北徙。西汉初年,中原多故,放弃了秦所占北部领土,九原郡的疆域收缩至赵国九原郡辖地,直到汉武帝之时,卫青、霍去病出击匈奴,重新夺回秦之北假(大约在今内蒙古自治区后套乌加河以北,乌拉特前旗明安川及固阳县昆都仑河上中游河谷一带),分九原郡为五原、朔方两郡。东汉之时,国力不及西汉,光武帝以后诸帝不求边功,九原所在五原郡曾一度放弃,后虽恢复,其所管辖领地和人口亦少于西汉之时。东汉末年,黄巾起义之后,天下骚乱,献帝年间,放弃北部边郡,五原郡也在裁撤之列,此后很长一段时间内,中原王朝对九原的经营亦自此结束。终隋之世,九原地区都处于北方游牧民族统治之下,游牧民族以畜牧业为主,无需城郭,也就无建置可考。但需注意的是一些入主中原的少数民族如北魏、东魏、西魏等,他们在入主中原之后,为防御新起的游牧民族也曾在阴山地区设防筑城。
[Abstract]:Located in Baotou city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jiuyuan today, it is the Yellow River shaped bend, the demarcation point in the arid and semi arid climate region. Most of the time in the historical period in central and southern the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jiuyuan is farming civilization and nomadic civilization at the junction point, the northern Yinshan area has always been to the northern limit of farming from the Warring States. Since the establishment of the later King Zhao Wuling occupy nine, nine have been in the central government and the nomadic regime for frontier. Nine North of Yinshan, the Yellow River to the south, for strategic south to the northern nomads and the central Plains of Wang Zhaobei. In the Warring States period, the establishment of a large nomadic empire in the northern steppe zone, Central Plains for inhibition of the southward expansion of the Hun empire in Jiuyuan area construction of the Great Wall, the establishment of the county, opened in the Central Plains Dynasty straight, strong, with nine as the basis to continue to The northern Xiongnu forces in the Antipodes, the central government's military is under constant pressure to move north, and the decline of the Central Plains, the line gradually southward along the mountain. Therefore, the central government and the northern national borders are not immutable and frozen, and forces is the boundary change, the evolution of the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasty Jiuyuan county is not only the Central Plains the interior adjustment caused by Dynasty, one of the reasons of the nomadic peoples in North and south migration to the north is the boundaries of evolution and change of Jiuyuan. During the Warring States period, in order to win hegemony, countries have to reform. King Zhao Wuling will follow the Northern Nomads to learn from other's merits of military reform and the establishment of the cavalry, the military strength has been greatly enhanced, when Zhao in the surrounding north of Zhongshan, South East Wei, Qi, all power, only the North Loufan, Lin Hu and other tribes everywhere, in tribal stage, so Zhao Wu Ling Wang Po Loufan, Linhu, slightly to the Northwest after the establishment of the county, nine, immigration frontiers, Qin and Han Dynasties from Jiuyuan Prefecture Zhao Jiuyuan county. On Zhao, Qin and Han Dynasty Jiuyuan County legacy City Jiuyuan has now has three main Public opinions are divergent., saying: first, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Linhe City Wulateqianqi three the top Zhangfang City, Li Yiyou et al., mainly with this said second, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jiuyuan District, Baotou City Meng Liang City, Wang Wenchu et al., mainly with this said third, Ma Chi the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Jiuyuan District of the ancient city of Baotou City, Guo Jianzhong et al. The article mainly hold this said above various views tend to third view. Zhao Guo, Jiuyuan for Loufan, Lin Hu, Zhao Wuling, Wang kaijiangtuotu in the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty, Zhao in the establishment of the county, the construction of the Great Wall, south of the northern Xiongnu to defense Under the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty unified, ordered Meng Tian to north by the Huns, the jurisdiction of Jiuyuan Prefecture expanded to Langshan area, the migration to the north. Be Qin, Western Han Dynasty, the Central Plains is abandoned, Qin occupied the Northern Territory, the territory of Jiuyuan Prefecture contracted to Zhao Jiuyuan County jurisdiction, until the Han Emperor. Weiqing, Huo to attack the Huns, to recapture the north of Qin false (around after this the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ugab River to the north, Wulateqianqi Kundulun River in Guyang county and Yaskawa Ming middle Valley), Wuyuan County branch Jiuyuan, two North County. When the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national strength is inferior to the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor Guangwudi after not for boundary work, Wuyuan County where Jiuyuan once abandoned, although after the restoration, its jurisdiction over territory and population is also less than the Western Han Dynasty. When the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow turban rebellion after the riots, Xian, abandon northern County, Wuyuan County is the abolition of the column, after a long period Time management of Central Plains also ended. The final nine Sui world, Jiuyuan area are in the northern nomadic nation ruled by nomads in animal husbandry, without walls, there is no established test. But it must be noted that some of the Central Plains ethnic minorities such as the Northern Wei, Wei, Wei so, they in the Central Plains, as the new defense nomads in Yinshan fortification fortification.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K23

【参考文献】