清末学务调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 07:41

本文选题：学务调查 + 视学员　；参考：《福建师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在清末新政中,教育改革及其发展成为政治与社会变化的基础性的制约因素,对社会变革的规模、速度、样式产生重要影响。然,一方面,新式教育还处于起步阶段,各省学堂与学生在数量和质量上都无法满足新政对于人才的需求,教育发展本身要求正确认识教育发展的水平；另一方面,新式教育在地方的普及必然与传统教育产生诸多矛盾,官、绅、民三方面在传统学务领域的利益纠葛阻碍了新式教育的发展。出于以上两方面的需要,社会团体与政府机构实行了大规模的学务调查。如果我们忽视了他们的调查成果,就不能正确地认识清季十年的教育发展状况,和教育改革对于清末社会变革的影响。清学部成立以后,在统筹规划地方学务过程中,有必要建立一条中央与地方相互沟通的渠道；同时,学务兴盛与否成为各省地方官员考核政绩的一项重要指标后,掌握地方学务兴办状况就显得势在必行。清末各类学务调查所反馈的信息为中央与地方解决在政策制定与执行过程中沟通不畅所导致的各种问题提供借鉴。学务调查的主要内容就是调查各省学堂与学生的数量,学堂的规制,经费的使用,课程科目的设置,教员的构成与教学教法,学堂的卫生等是否符合清政府颁布的各类学堂章程,从而提出改良意见。学务调查作为清末社会调查,如实业调查、人口调查、风俗调查、民事习惯调查等的一种,将西学运用于传统学务领域,并致力于新式教育的推广。而相关学务调查团体的成立与组织机构的设置,反映了清末教育改革背景下,适应新式教育的一种调整。
[Abstract]:In the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty, the educational reform and its development became the basic restricting factors of the political and social changes, which had an important influence on the scale, speed and style of the social change. However, on the one hand, the new-style education is still in its infancy, and both the schools and students in each province cannot meet the demand for talents of the New deal in terms of quantity and quality, and the development of education itself requires a correct understanding of the level of educational development; on the other hand, The popularization of new-style education in local must produce many contradictions with traditional education. The interests of officials, gentry and people in the field of traditional academic affairs hinder the development of new-style education. For the above two needs, social organizations and government agencies carried out a large-scale investigation of academic affairs. If we ignore their survey results, we can not correctly understand the development of education in the Qing Dynasty and the impact of the education reform on the social change in the late Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of the Department of Education in the Qing Dynasty, it was necessary to establish a channel of communication between the central and local authorities in the process of overall planning for local academic affairs. At the same time, the prosperity of academic affairs had become an important indicator of the achievements of local officials in various provinces. It is imperative to grasp the situation of setting up local academic affairs. The information feedback from various kinds of academic investigation in the late Qing Dynasty provides a reference for the central and local governments to solve the problems caused by the poor communication between the central and local governments in the process of policy formulation and implementation. The main content of the investigation of academic affairs is to investigate the number of schools and students in various provinces, the regulation of schools, the use of funds, the setting of curriculum subjects, the composition of teachers and the teaching methods. Whether the hygiene of the school conforms to the regulations of various schools promulgated by the Qing government, so as to put forward suggestions for improvement. As a kind of social investigation, such as industrial survey, population survey, custom survey and civil custom survey, Scholastic investigation applied western learning to the field of traditional learning and devoted itself to the promotion of modern education. The establishment of the investigation group and the setting up of the organization reflect the adjustment of the new-style education under the background of the educational reform in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K249

【参考文献】