“三才”理论:中国古代社会建设的思想纲领

发布时间：2018-04-30 03:38

本文选题：社会建设 + 中国古代　；参考：《天津社会科学》2008年06期

【摘要】：建立稳定的社会秩序和良好的社会机制,谋求国家与民族的发展与繁荣,是中国历史上一个永恒的主题。历史上关于社会建设的实践和思想理论,源远流长,涵蕴丰富,传统与现代兼容,精华与迂腐并蓄,又长期表现为政府行为和社会行为的双重作用,其本身就是一个庞大多彩的"文化宝藏"。本刊开设"中国传统社会建设理论研究"专栏,选用了李治安教授承担的国家社科首届重大招标项目"我国历史上关于社会建设理论的研究"的一组论文,以飨读者。其中,张分田文剖析各种典型的理想政治模式的结构、要素,揭示古代主流文化核心价值体系的特征,全方位、多视角地把握传统社会道德建设理论的内涵、属性和价值,揭示其在构建社会秩序、实现社会理想中的重要功能。王利华文指出,"三才"理论即中国古代社会建设的思想纲领,以"天"为经、"地"为纬、"人"为本,注重协调和综合考量人与天、地之间的关系,该理论虽非严密科学论证,但其借鉴意义显而易见。李治安文认为,张载、朱熹、王阳明以理学家和士大夫代表的双重身份论述"宗法"、"家礼"、"义学"、"社仓"和"乡约"等问题,从新儒学的最高层次为乡里新秩序绘制了一幅内涵丰富的蓝图。这无疑给致力于乡村建设的士绅群体提供了精神支撑与理论先导。王先明文指出,清末"新政"中乡绅强占权力和资源,形成绅权"体制化"及绅民对立。国民政府欲借保甲制,打破乡绅专断,终未如愿。梁漱溟、晏阳初等或多传统色彩,或带西化倾向,试图从文化建设层面规划乡村发展。共产党以革命的选择,开辟了近代民族和乡村建设的胜利之路。江沛文论及近代转型期经济重构引发城乡失衡、移民潮、娼业痼疾、匪患、秘密结社等诸多社会问题,强调社会问题解决的根本途径是法治化。
[Abstract]:The establishment of a stable social order and a good social mechanism and the development and prosperity of the nation and the nation are an eternal theme in the history of China. The history of the practice and ideological theory of social construction is long, rich, compatible with the traditional and modern, the essence and the pedantry, and the long-term performance of government behavior and social behavior. The dual role itself is a huge and colorful "cultural treasure". This magazine set up a column of "Research on the theory of Chinese traditional social construction", and selected a series of papers on the first major tender project of the national social science, "the theory of social construction in our country", undertaken by professor Li Zhian, in order to provide a dinner for readers. The structure and the elements of the typical ideal political models reveal the characteristics of the core value system of the ancient mainstream culture, grasp the connotation, the attribute and the value of the traditional social moral construction theory in all directions, and reveal its important function in the construction of the social order and the realization of the social ideal. The ideological programme for the construction of society, with the "heaven" as the meridian, the "land" as the weft and the "man", pays attention to the coordination and comprehensive consideration of the relationship between man and heaven and the earth. Although the theory is not strictly scientifically demonstrated, its reference significance is obvious. Li Zhianwen believes that Zhang Zai, Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming discussed the "patriarchal clan" with the dual identity of the Neo Confucianism and the scholar bureaucrats. "Family", "home" "Rite", "Yi Xue", "social warehouse" and "rural contract", and other problems, from the highest level of new Confucianism to draw a rich blueprint for the new order in the countryside. This undoubtedly provides spiritual support and theoretical guidance to the gentry group devoted to rural construction. The government of the national government wants to borrow the system of protection and breaks the dictatorship of the gentry to break the dictatorship of the gentry. Liang Shuming, Yan Yang's first or more traditional colors, or the tendency of Westernization, tried to plan the rural development from the cultural construction level. The Communist Party opened up the road of victory in modern national and rural construction with the choice of the revolution. Reconstructing many social problems, such as urban and rural imbalance, emigration, prostitution, banditry, secret association, etc., and emphasize that the basic way to solve social problems is rule by law.

【作者单位】：南开大学中国社会史研究中心暨历史学院;
【分类号】：K207

【共引文献】