论早期儒家对三年之丧成立依据的认识

发布时间：2018-05-15 09:19

本文选题：三年之丧 + 父母之丧　；参考：《中原文化研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：三年之丧是丧礼中至重的仪节,其背后蕴含着制定、施行这些仪节的理由和依据。儒家所主张的三年之丧在很大程度上影响了财富、人口的积累与增长。墨子从功利主义的立场出发的批评,说明丧制的利弊取决于它对实际利益的影响。但现实利益的获取并不是儒家的首要目标,合礼的生活才是儒家的根本追求。春秋末叶正是传统的礼乐制度加剧崩坏的时期,而三年不为礼乐专事服丧,会造成其他礼乐活动在仪式施行层面的废弛,也会对整体的礼乐生活产生消极影响。但从礼的本质层面来看,为父母服丧关联着礼所维系的社会基本秩序与价值的诸多方面,因此不会导致宰我所担忧的"礼坏乐崩"。儒家试图以服丧者内心的哀痛之情作为三年之丧的依据,并通过制中立节之说来论证这种情感的普遍性。
[Abstract]:The three-year mourning is the most important festival, which contains the reasons and basis for making and implementing these festivals. The three-year mourning advocated by Confucianism greatly affected the accumulation and growth of wealth and population. Mozi's criticism from a utilitarian standpoint shows that the pros and cons of bereavement depend on its influence on practical interests. However, the acquisition of realistic interests is not the primary goal of Confucianism. At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, the traditional system of rites and music intensified and collapsed, and three years did not pay special attention to rites and music, which would lead to the abolition of other ritual activities in the level of ritual implementation, and would also have a negative impact on the whole life of etiquette and music. However, from the essence of ritual, mourning for parents is related to many aspects of the basic social order and value maintained by ritual, so it will not lead to the "bad etiquette music avalanche" worried by Zai'i. The Confucianists tried to use the mourning feelings of the mourners as the basis of the three years' mourning, and proved the universality of the feelings through the neutral section.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国解释学史”(12&ZD109)、“中华思想文化术语的整理、传播与数据库建设”(15ZDB003)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K892.98

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