明朝万历年间矿监税使在赣活动研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 16:11

本文选题：万历年间 + 矿监税使　；参考：《江西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：明朝中后期,社会多元化,商品经济高速发展,万历皇帝出于少年时期对张居正在生活用度上极度节俭的报复,大肆聚财挥霍,也为了满足自己对金银财富的占有欲,从万历二十四年开始,派遣了大批亲信宦官到全国各地充当矿监税使,到各省各府各县开矿征税,搜刮民财,遣往江西的便是潘相和李道。这两位矿监税使在江西活动的范围非常广,活动区域涉及南昌府、九江府、广信府、饶州府、抚州府、赣州府,新建县、进贤县、星子县、上饶县、湖口县、浮梁县,宁国县等府县,这些府县都是当时江西比较为发达的区域,江西省在明朝中后期农业、手工业和商业发展较快,是较为发达省份,以往学者研究矿监税使多集中于宏观层面上,或是集中在今天比较发达的省市区上,对江西的关注较少。关于这场在特定的历史时代持续了20多年、影响到明代社会的各个方面,又多受到研究者重视的运动事件,虽然几乎所有的有关明代史著作都有所涉及,但是大多数研究是讨论矿监税使的起因及对当时的经济与社会阶层造成重大影响,但同时需要指出的是,十六世纪末到十七世纪初的这段时间,也是欧洲殖民者大规模开发美洲白银大量流入明朝境内的时期,这些流通的白银与矿监税使搜刮的白银是有交集的。矿监税使引发了全国各地民众的反抗,在江西的两位矿监税使引发了广信府民变、景德镇民变和湖口民变。毋庸置疑这些民变是由于官逼民反造成的,官方为平息这场民变调整了相关政策,相应的就扩大了地方的自主权。笔者通过查找可信度较高的官方史书、地方志、墓志铭以及文人笔记,发现万历派遣的所有矿监税使也不全都是品行恶劣,“播虐逞凶者”,潘相和李道在当地也做了一些实事,对当地经济和社会也有些作为,所以对其研究仍然须具有更加广阔的视野,发掘各个方面的资料,充分把握明朝万历年间的种种社会面相,站在明代社会的发展进程、以全球史的视野,进行更为全面和详实的讨论。本文主要是以矿监税使在江西活动的角度为切入点,进行多角度的考察,希望窥一斑而知全豹,将这一问题的研究推向深入。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, when the society was diversified and the commodity economy developed at a high speed, Emperor Wanli, out of revenge for Zhang Juzheng's extreme frugality in living expenses in his youth, wantonly amassed his wealth and squandered it in order to satisfy his desire for the possession of gold and silver wealth. Since the twenty-four years of Wanli, a large number of trusted eunuchs have been sent to all parts of the country to act as tax watchmen for mining, to tax mines in various provinces and counties, to scour the people's wealth, and to send Pan Xiang and Li Dao to Jiangxi. The scope of activities of these two mine supervisors in Jiangxi is very wide. The areas of activity involve Nanchang, Jiujiang, Guangxin, Raozhou, Fuzhou, Ganzhou, Xinjian, Jinxian, Xingzi, Shangrao, Hukou, Fuliang, Ningguo County and other prefectures, these prefectures and counties were relatively developed regions in Jiangxi at that time. Jiangxi Province developed more rapidly in agriculture, handicraft and commerce in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In the past, scholars studied the mineral supervision tax to concentrate on the macro level. Or focus on the more developed provinces and municipalities today, less attention to Jiangxi. This event, which lasted for more than 20 years in a specific historical era, affected all aspects of the Ming Dynasty society and received much attention from researchers, although almost all the works on the history of the Ming Dynasty were related to it. But most of the research is about the causes of the tax on mining and its impact on the economic and social strata of the time, but it should be pointed out that the period between the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century is a period between the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. It was also the period when the European colonists developed the American silver in large quantities and flowed into the Ming Dynasty, and the silver in circulation intersected with the mining supervision tax. The mine tax triggered a revolt across the country, and two miners in Jiangxi led to the Guangxin, Jingdezhen and Hukou revolts. There is no doubt that these uprisings are the result of official coercion, and the authorities have adjusted their policies to quell the uprising, thereby expanding local autonomy. By searching for official history books, local chronicles, epitaph and literati notes with high credibility, the author found that all the mine supervision taxes sent by Wanli were not all of them of bad conduct, "spreading the abominations." Pan Xiang and Li Dao have also done some practical work in the area, and have also done something for the local economy and society. Therefore, the study of Pan Xiang and Li Dao must still have a broader vision, excavate all aspects of the data, and fully grasp the various social aspects of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Standing in the process of the development of the Ming Dynasty, a more comprehensive and detailed discussion was carried out from the perspective of global history. This article mainly takes the mining supervision tax to make the activity angle in Jiangxi as the breakthrough point, carries on the multi-angle inspection, hopes to peek at the spot and know all the leopard, will push the research of this question to the depth.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248

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