吕祖谦宗法思想研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 02:37

【摘要】：宗法作为一种维护宗族内部秩序的制度和准则,为适应不同历史条件而发生变化。在宋朝建立以后,张载、程颐和程颢为明统系、收宗族,主张建立与宋代社会条件相适应的宗法制度,由此宋型宗法得以构建。生活于南宋初年的吕祖谦,在宋型宗法和家族传统背景下,勤于宗法,潜心研究,编撰《宗法》、《昏礼》、《葬仪》、《祭礼》和《宗法条目》来表达宗法思想。通过对吕祖谦宗法书目分析可知,吕祖谦宗法思想不仅包括吕祖谦对宗法的认识和见解,还包括他在家族礼法和规范宗人规范中所蕴含的思想,具体表现为:一,异宫同财,有余则归,不足则取,及昏、冠、丧、祭必告的宗族形态。此种宗族形态既同于宋代常见的宗族形态,又存有独特之处,吕祖谦这种宗法思想的形成与宋代社会和吕氏家族有很大关系。二,宗子观。在宋型宗法得以构建的背景下,贤德论和仕宦说受到官僚士人的青睐,但吕祖谦仍坚持古礼、遵守经典宗法的传统做法,提出嫡先庶后的宗子观,这种宗法观念也使其其宗法思想具有博采古今、严于礼制的特点。三,尊祖、以礼治宗、重于祭祀和敬祖收族是贯穿于吕氏家族规范和管理条例中的宗法思想,也是吕祖谦宗法思想的重要构成部分,进一步丰富和拓展了宗法思想的固有内容。吕祖谦宗法思想和表现宗法思想的行文内容具有博采古今、立于当下和严于礼制的特点。吕祖谦宗法思想对吕氏后辈、宋人治家、宗法思想及宗法建设的影响,“祠堂祭祖”宗法观点对后世祭祀生活的影响,表明了吕祖谦及其宗法思想在宋型宗法构建和宗法发展历史中所具有的作用和贡献。
[Abstract]:Patriarchal clan, as a system and criterion to maintain clan internal order, has changed in order to adapt to different historical conditions. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao were the system of the Ming Dynasty and accepted the clan, and advocated the establishment of the patriarchal clan system adapted to the social conditions of the Song Dynasty, and thus the patriarchal clan system of the Song Dynasty was constructed. Lu Zuqian, who lived in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, expressed his patriarchal thoughts under the background of the patriarchal clan and clan tradition of the Song Dynasty, diligently studying the patriarchal clan, compiling the patriarchal clan, the Evening Rites, the burial ceremony, the ritual of sacrifice and the entry of the patriarchal clan. Through the bibliographic analysis of Lu Zu-qian 's patriarchal clan, we can see that Lu Zu-qian 's patriarchal thoughts not only include Lu Zu-qian 's understanding and opinions on patriarchal clan, but also include his thoughts contained in the family rites and norms of patriarchal clan. If you have more, you will take it, and the form of fainting, crown, mourning and sacrifice will be declared. This kind of clan form is not only similar to the common clan form in Song Dynasty, but also unique. The formation of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal clan thought is closely related to the society of Song Dynasty and Lu's family. Second, patriarchal view. Under the background of the construction of the patriarchal clan in the Song Dynasty, the virtuous theory and the official theory were favored by the bureaucrats, but Lu Zuqian still insisted on the ancient rites, followed the traditional practice of the classical patriarchal clan, and put forward the patriarchal view of the first son after the first. This patriarchal concept also makes his patriarchal thought have the characteristics of collecting ancient and modern times and being strict to the etiquette system. Third, respecting ancestors and governing the clan by etiquette is the patriarchal thought that runs through the norms and regulations of Lu's family and is also an important part of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal thought, which further enriches and expands the inherent content of the patriarchal clan thought. Lu Zuqian's patriarchal thought and the writing content of the patriarchal clan thought have the characteristics of collecting the ancient and modern, standing in the present and strict to the etiquette system. The influence of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal clan thought on Lu's descendant, the ruling family of Song people, the patriarchal clan thought and the patriarchal clan construction, and the influence of the patriarchal clan idea of "ancestral temple to ancestors" on later generations' sacrificial life. It shows the role and contribution of Lu Zuqian and his patriarchal thoughts in the construction of patriarchal clan and the development of patriarchal clan.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K892.9

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