同、异品除宗有法的再探讨——答沈海燕《论“除外说”——与郑伟宏教授商榷》

发布时间：2017-12-26 23:23

本文关键词：同、异品除宗有法的再探讨——答沈海燕《论“除外说”——与郑伟宏教授商榷》　出处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：同品(sapaksa)、异品(vipaksa)和宗有法(paksa)是陈那因明的初始概念。以"声是无常"宗为例,宗有法即这里宗命题的主项"声",是辩论双方尚未共许是否无常的对象;同品是辩论双方已经共许为无常的对象,即除了主项"声"以外无常的事物,如"瓶"、"电"等;异品是双方已经共许为常的对象,即除了主项"声"以外恒常的事物,如"虚空"、"极微"等。同、异品除宗有法即宗有法(如这里的"声")被排除在同品和异品的外延范围之外。同品、异品和宗有法三者各别,是陈那对于推论所涉及的论域全集最初的三分(tripartitionism),是陈那因明的一项体系性规定。在除宗以外的同、异品范围中,即双方未发生意见分歧的对象范围中,考察逻辑理由(因)与立论方所要论证在"声"上出现的属性"无常"之间的逻辑联系,用双方共许的证据来论证对方不承认的主张,是陈那因明论辩逻辑的核心思想,体现了陈那因明非演绎、非单调的逻辑特征。沈海燕教授对于因明原典断章取义,以附会传统的陈那因明归纳演绎合一说,错失了决定陈那因明逻辑性质的关键所在。她强调本体论上常与无常之间非此即彼的关系,默认声本来就是无常,将一己之见强加给古印度论辩的双方,这都脱离了陈那因明的论辩逻辑特征。本文依据因明原典,征引国际最新研究成果,结合逻辑学基础知识,与之进行商榷。
[Abstract]:The same product (sapaksa), heterologue (vipaksa) method and case (paksa) is the initial concept of Chen yin. With "sound is impermanent" case as an example, a method that is here in case the main proposition of "sound", is the object of both sides of the debate were not allowed is capricious; the same product is on both sides of the debate were Xu as impermanent object, which in addition to the main "sound" outside the impermanence of things, such as the "bottle" and "electricity"; the two sides have different product is common for the object that is often made, in addition to the main item of "sound" outside the permanent things, such as "emptiness" and "minimal" etc.. The same or different products have the law that the law (such as the "sound" here) is excluded from the extension of the same and different products. The same products, different products and a method of three respectively, three points for Chen's inference involves the domain complete initial (tripartitionism), is a system of rules that Chen yin. In addition to cases outside the scope of the same and different products, namely, the two sides did not differ in the range of the object, study logical reason (for) and the argument demonstrated in the "sound" appeared on the attribute of "impermanence" logical connections between each other, to prove not recognize the two sides of the Xu advocate evidence is the core thought of Chen in the development of dialectical logic, reflects Chen in the development of non deductive and non monotonic logic characteristics. Professor Shen Haiyan for the original Ming Chen attached to interpret out of context, the development of traditional deductive and said, Miss Chen decided the key in the development of the logical properties. She often emphasizes the relationship between ontology and impermanence either this or that the default sound is impermanent, both sides will be imposed on the personal view of ancient India argument, which are out of the logic of argument and logic characteristics of chen. On the basis of the original logic, citing the latest international research results, combining with the basic knowledge of logic, and carry on the discussion.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;复旦大学古籍研究所;
【基金】：2012年国家社科基金项目(项目批准号:12BZX062) 2012年上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(项目批准号:2012EZX001) 2013年国家社科基金青年项目(项目批准号:13CZJ012)系列成果之一
【分类号】：B920
【正文快照】： 陈那(约480~540)因明是印度逻辑从简单类比推理向演绎推理发展过程中关键的一环。如何从逻辑的角度来准确理解陈那因明体系,是世界三大逻辑比较研究中一项重要的课题。汉传因明关于同、异品除宗有法及同、异喻体除宗有法的重要论述,为我们留下了一把打开陈那因明逻辑体系的钥

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