藏民族内部纠纷及解纷模式之转型

发布时间：2018-02-12 07:18

本文关键词： 藏族内部纠纷习惯法解纷藏传佛教解纷解纷模式转型　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 任何民族内部都会有纠纷,由于民族性格、生存环境、民族历史等因素影响,藏民族内部纠纷有着不同于其他民族内部纠纷的形式及特点。在国家法极少滋养到的藏民族地区,藏族群众却能够按照其既定的解纷模式来维护社会的稳定。作者以此为出发点,探索维护藏民族社会和谐的两把利器——习惯法和藏传佛教,并在此基础上分析藏民族传统解纷模式的不足,并提出了转型意见。全文共分为四个部分,四万余字,各部分内容具体如下: 第一部分阐述藏族内部纠纷的基本问题。首先介绍了藏族内部纠纷的类型,其中主要提及的是以居住地为基准划分出的农业区纠纷和牧业区纠纷,该分类为本文进一步描述藏民族内部纠纷解决模式奠定了基础。其次,通过对藏民族内部纠纷同其他民族如汉族、回族、苗族内部纠纷的比较,总结出藏民族内部纠纷的特点:纠纷多以争夺生存空间为主,纠纷突发性强,纠纷私了性突出,纠纷参杂宗教因素,纠纷呈现民刑混杂性。第二部分为藏民族内部纠纷的解决模式。作者依据纠纷解决的主体不同,将解纷模式分为官方参与的解纷模式和民间参与的解纷模式两大类。在官方参与的解纷模式部分中,简要介绍当前藏民族内部纠纷解决中所采用的公力救济和社会救济模式。尔后,着重描述习惯法及藏传佛教影响下的藏民族内部纠纷的解决模式。尤其是从一些部落习惯法的具体规定中总结出传统解纷模式的一些特点:解纷主体多为部落首领,但也有专设的解纷机构如求德合;解纷过程中寺院、僧侣的干预性强;处理方式多体现为合意与强制的结合性;存在处理纠纷的专职人员:斯巴、斯奏、斯约、斯本等。上述这些特点也从不同侧面反映了藏民族的法律观、道德观、价值观和人生观。在藏传佛教主导的民间解纷模式里,由于藏民族对佛教的信仰和对活佛的崇拜,其解纷功能大致体现在宗教教义、解纷的参与者以及定纷止争的效力中。而这些正是宗教仪式功能、教化功能、心理调适功能的具体体现。第三部分是藏民族内部纠纷民间参与的解纷模式的具体化和现代化。一方面,以当下为时间背景,以真实案例为基点,深入思考习惯法得以重新发挥解纷功能这一现象的心理因素:藏民族强烈的民族认同感;客观因素:现代法制在边缘地带的盲点;制度因素:地方社会控制力薄弱。在此基础上提出一个宗旨即:国家法和习惯法的良心互动;两个原则:宽容原则和温和原则;三个方式:国家法和习惯法共存、国家法和习惯法互相尊重、国家法和习惯法共荣,使得国家法和习惯法在互利互宜的协同工作下,多角度维护社会稳定。另一方面,同样以案例为切入点,从个体、社会、国家三个层面分析藏传佛教解决纠纷的原因,总结出法律和宗教的共通性。由此,将群众对宗教的信仰移植到法律中,让法律也被民众所信仰,与此同时,对宗教进行积极、正确引导,并与现代纠纷解决模式相结合建立一种更为温和、更具有说服力的新型纠纷解决模式。第四部分为藏民族内部纠纷解决模式的转型问题。作者以为什么要转型为出发点,从保持国家法律体系的统一、民间解纷方式的合法、宗教势力的理性三个方面论述转型的必要性。其次,为了把握转型的度的问题,提出转型要以追求和谐社会、案结事了、民族文化的弘扬为要求,避免转型的过度或不及。最后,依据前述的藏民族内部纠纷的民间解纷模式所暴露出的风险,提出四个方面的转型方式:甄别部落习惯法,吸收合理部分完善民族地方立法;引导宗教优势,在民族地区树立司法权威;清理村规民约,发挥法外纠纷解决能力;重视人民调解工作,完善藏族地区非讼解纷机制。总之,少数民族法律文化并不是无益、消极、落后、糟粕的代名词,它重视群体利益,确认团结互助,鼓励勤劳能干,肯定合理需求,保护生态环境,处理简便迅捷,注重内在接受,形式生动形象,在当代中国的法治化进程中同样有采纳、汲取、继承的价值。
[Abstract]:The internal dispute of Tibetan nationality is different from the internal dispute of other nationalities due to the factors such as national character , existence environment and national history . The full text is divided into four parts , four thousand words , each part of the contents are as follows : The first part describes the basic problem of the internal dispute of Tibetan nationality . Firstly , it introduces the types of the internal dispute of Tibetan nationality , which lays a foundation for the further description of the internal dispute settlement model of Tibetan nationality . The second part is the solution mode of the internal dispute of Tibetan nationality . According to the main body of the dispute resolution , the author divides the dispute mode into two categories of official participation . In the part of the official participation , the author gives a brief introduction to the mode of solving the internal dispute of Tibetan nationality under the influence of traditional law and Tibetan Buddhism . The third part is the concretization and modernization of the anti - dispute mode of the folk participation in the internal dispute of Tibetan nationality . On the one hand , based on the present time background and the real case as the base point , we deeply think about the blind spot of the traditional law in the marginal zone . The two principles : the coexistence of the state law and the customary law , the national law and the customary law are mutual respect , the State law and the customary law are mutually respectful , the national law and the customary law are mutually respectful , and the law is also accepted by the people . At the same time , the law and the customary law are actively and correctly guided by the religion , and a more moderate and persuasive new dispute resolution mode is established with the combination of the modern dispute settlement model . The fourth part is divided into the transformation of the internal dispute settlement model of Tibetan nationality . The author discusses the necessity of transformation from three aspects of keeping the unification of the national legal system , the legal and religious forces of the civil dispute settlement . In short , the legal culture of ethnic minorities is not the substitute of useless , negative , backwardness and dross , which pays attention to the interests of the group , confirms the solidarity and mutual aid , encourages hard work , affirms the reasonable demand , protects the ecological environment , has a simple and rapid process , pays attention to the intrinsic acceptance , the form vivid image , and also has the value of adoption , drawing and inheritance in the course of the contemporary China ' s legalization .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B948

【引证文献】