伊斯兰教义学中的独一性研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 11:27

本文关键词： 教义学独一性本体属性　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为伊斯兰教的思辨哲学体系,教义学是系统地研究伊斯兰教的重要基础。本体和属性问题作为教义学的主题,对它的研究是重中之重。在一般的中外研究中,只是概括性地介绍艾什阿里派、穆尔太济赖派或者逍遥派哲学家的相关讨论,较少从本体论内核为相关争论的发生和发展脉络提供富有建设性的解释。有鉴于此,本文前设的根本问题是:为什么伊斯兰教义学、哲学传统中会产生本体和属性问题?换言之,它在本体论中的原点是什么?为了解答这一问题,本文依据教义学的经典著作,结合伊斯兰教作为启示性宗教的特质,发现对独一性的信仰和思考是引起穆斯林教义学家和哲学家本体论思考的重要根源,是教义学得以发展并系统化的内在推动力之一。基于此,本文旨在以对独一性的研究为主线,为本体和属性问题提供一种本体论意义上的解释。独一性是穆斯林的基本信仰和对创造者最重要的认知。正是因为对独一性过于强调,使得不少研究者容易忽略伊斯兰传统中关于独一性的争论,主观地认为,真主的独一性是所有穆斯林公认的信条,没有任何争议。事实上,它既是最根本的信条和基础,也是穆斯林追求的终极目的。既是目的,教义学家、哲学家就必定会询问:什么是独一性?或者真主独一是什么含义?对独一性的不同理解,反映在本体论中,就造成了教义学内部,教义学家和逍遥派哲学家、苏非之间的矛盾和争论。最终,对独一性的思考形成了两条进路:属性的殊多与真主的独一性不矛盾;独一性不能容纳任何形式的殊多。本文力求全面地展开伊斯兰传统中的这两条进路。本文由五个部分组成。第一章提出独一性问题及其背景,说明本文的研究方法、现状和难点。第二章依据安萨里、法赫鲁丁 ·拉齐等正统教义学家的经典著作,说明独一性的内涵,解释与独一性问题直接相关的本体、属性、名称等关键术语和主要思想,将独一性区分为外在的独一性和内在的独一性两个方面加以讨论。第三章梳理正统教义学对独一性的证明,包括启示证明和理性证明,在独一性证明的基础上,引出教义学系统化的过程,及其与逍遥哲学之间的互渐关系。第四章在前两章的基础上,讨论教义学传统内部以及逍遥哲学家不同的独一性观念,将他们划分为肯定属性论、否定属性论和还原论三个具体的分支;梳理正统教义学派对肯定属性论中的相似论者、否定属性论和还原论的主要批评。在第四节提出了古代哲学和宗教有关独一性的思考与伊斯兰传统的同质性。在结论部分将独一性视为人类宗教传统和哲学传统的普遍问题加以总结,交待了正统教义学派遗留的本体和属性二元论问题,简介了理论苏非学解决这一问题的要旨,以及未来进一步研究教义学需要关注的问题。
[Abstract]:As the speculative philosophy system of Islam, dogmology is an important foundation for systematic study of Islam. It is only a general introduction to the discussions of the Aish-Ali, Murtai-Raiism, or Promenade philosophers, with less constructive explanation from the core of ontology for the occurrence and development of the relevant debates. The basic question before this article is: why is the problem of ontology and attributes in the Islamic science and philosophical tradition? In other words, what is its origin in ontology? In order to answer this question, according to the classical works of dogmatics and the characteristics of Islam as an apocalyptic religion, this paper finds that the belief and thinking of uniqueness is an important source of ontological thinking for Muslim creationists and philosophers. Is one of the internal driving forces of the development and systematization of doctrinology. Based on this, this paper aims to focus on the study of uniqueness. Providing an ontological explanation for the question of ontology and attributes. Uniqueness is the basic belief of Muslims and the most important recognition of creators. It makes it easy for many researchers to ignore the debate about uniqueness in Islamic tradition, subjectively believing that God's uniqueness is a universally accepted doctrine of all Muslims, undisputed. In fact, it is both the most fundamental creed and the basis. It is also the ultimate aim of Muslims. As an end, a doctrinist and philosopher must ask: what is uniqueness? Or what does Allah alone mean? A different understanding of uniqueness, reflected in ontology, creates contradictions and disputes within dogmatics, between creationists and unfettered philosophers, and among Sufi. There are two ways to think about the uniqueness: the difference between the attribute and the uniqueness of God is not contradictory; This paper tries to develop these two paths in Islamic tradition in an all-round way. This paper consists of five parts. The first chapter puts forward the uniqueness problem and its background, and explains the research methods of this paper. The second chapter is based on the classical works of the orthodox doctrinists such as Ansari, Fahruddin Razi, etc., explaining the connotation of uniqueness, explaining the ontology, attributes, names and other key terms and main ideas directly related to the problem of uniqueness. The third chapter discusses the proof of uniqueness by orthodoxy, including revelation proof and rational proof, based on the proof of uniqueness. Chapter 4th, on the basis of the first two chapters, discusses the different unique ideas within the doctrinal tradition and the free philosophers, and divides them into the theory of positive attributes. Three specific branches of negative attribute theory and reductionism, combing the orthodox dogmatic school's similarity theory of positive attribute theory, The main criticism of negation attribute theory and reductionism. In section 4th, the author puts forward the homogeneity between ancient philosophy and religion about uniqueness and Islamic tradition. In the conclusion, uniqueness is regarded as human religious tradition and philosophical tradition. Summarizing the general problems, This paper presents the ontological and attribute dualism left by orthodox dogmatic school, briefly introduces the essentials of theoretical Sufeiology to solve this problem, and the problems that need to be paid attention to in the further study of dogmatics in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B968

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