藏传佛教佛经翻译史研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 13:53

本文选题：前弘期　切入点：后弘期　出处：《兰州大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：藏传佛教的佛经翻译历时千年,规模宏大,对藏族社会产生了巨大而深远的影响：一、推动了藏文字的三次改革,丰富了藏语词汇。二、随着佛教经典的藏译,印度、尼泊尔和中原、于阗等国家和地区的科学技术、医药、工艺、.天文、历法、文学、艺术等优秀文化也随之传入西藏,藏民族的文明、行为、科技、经济等各方面比以前有了很大的进步,促进了西藏文化的发展。三、藏文《大藏经》与国内汉文、蒙文、满文、西夏文《大藏经》相互校勘、互译互补,促进了兄弟民族的文化交流和祖国文化的发展。对此重要历程的研究,具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。首先是对宗教学研究的意义。佛经是佛教教义的承载者,通过对西藏社会各个历史阶段出现的重要译师及所译佛经等方面的综合性考察,从中可以探寻出佛教在西藏的发展演变轨迹。其次,通过对佛经翻译史的考察还可以带动其他相关研究,如藏语史和文化交流史的研究等。再者,通过对各个时期佛经翻译译论的考察,可以为今天的翻译工作者提供有益的借鉴。本论文在对前人研究成果借鉴、参考的基础上,以历史唯物主义的观点和宗教学、文献学等学科的方法,并利用大量的第一手藏文资料,紧紧围绕佛经翻译这条主线,对佛教传入藏地之后各时期的佛经翻译概况及主要译师情况进行了考察,并以专论的形式对五部大论的译传过程、其他重要典籍的翻译情况进行了介绍,文章内容除绪论外共分六章：介绍佛教传入前西藏社会历史与宗教信仰状况；考察藏传佛教前弘期的佛经翻译,内容包括吐蕃王朝早期吞米桑布扎为主的佛经翻译、中期九大译师为主的佛经翻译和晚期三大目录的编订、吐蕃高僧桂·法成的佛经翻译活动；考察藏传佛教后弘期的佛经翻译,内容包括分裂割据时期四大译师为主的佛经翻译活动,以及萨迦、帕竹、甘丹颇章等三个政权时期在佛经的翻译、结集和对勘等方面所取得的成就；考察藏传佛教显宗五部大论的译传情况,内容包括在藏传佛教体系中占有重要地位的释量论、中观论、现观庄严论、俱舍论和律宗论等五部经典的藏译与师承情况；考察佛经翻译过程中其他重要典籍的翻译情况,内容包括文学、医学、天文历算等著作的藏译；结语部分总结了佛经翻译为推动藏族文化发展方面所具有的重要意义。
[Abstract]:The translation of the Buddhist scriptures of Tibetan Buddhism lasted for thousands of years and had a huge and far-reaching impact on Tibetan society. First, it promoted the three reforms of Tibetan characters and enriched the Tibetan vocabulary. Secondly, with the Tibetan translation of Buddhist scriptures, India, In Nepal and the Central Plains, and in Khotan and other countries and regions, the excellent cultures of science and technology, medicine, craft, astronomy, calendar, literature and art have also been introduced into the civilization, behavior, science and technology of the Tibetan people in Tibet. Economic and other aspects have made great progress than before, which has promoted the development of Tibetan culture. Third, the Tibetan language "Da Zang Jing" is collated and translated and complementary with the domestic Chinese, Mongolian, Manchu, and Xixia languages. The study of this important course has important academic value and realistic significance. First, it is the significance of the study of religion. Buddhist scripture is the bearer of Buddhist doctrine. Through a comprehensive investigation of the important translators and Buddhist scriptures translated in various historical stages of Tibetan society, we can find out the development and evolution of Buddhism in Tibet. Secondly, The study on the translation of Buddhist sutras can also lead to other relevant studies, such as the history of Tibetan language and the history of cultural exchange, etc. Furthermore, the study on the translation theory of Buddhist scriptures in various periods can provide useful reference for today's translators. On the basis of reference and reference to the previous research achievements, this thesis focuses on the main line of Buddhist scripture translation from the viewpoint of historical materialism and the methods of religious teaching and philology, and using a large number of first-hand Tibetan language materials. This paper investigates the general situation of Buddhist scriptures translation and the main translators in various periods after Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, and introduces the translation process of the five major theories and the translation of other important classics in the form of monographs. In addition to the introduction, the article is divided into six chapters: introducing the social history and religious beliefs of Tibet before Buddhism was introduced, examining the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the pre-Hongshi period of Tibetan Buddhism, including the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the early period of the Tubo Dynasty, which was dominated by Tunmi Sambuza. The translation of Buddhist scriptures dominated by translators of the Ninth National Congress of the Middle period and the compilation of the late three catalogues, the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Buddhist scriptures by Tibetan Buddhist monks and the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the later period of Tibetan Buddhism, and the study of the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the later period of Tibetan Buddhism. The contents include the translation activities of the four major translators of Buddhist scriptures during the period of division and secession, as well as the achievements made in the translation, collection and exploration of Buddhist scriptures during the three regime periods: Sakya, Pazhu and Gantanpo. This paper examines the translation and transmission of the five major theories of Tibetan Buddhism, including the translation and teaching of the five classics, which play an important role in the Tibetan Buddhism system, such as the theory of interpretation, the theory of meso, the theory of present stature, the theory of sacrifice and the theory of law. This paper examines the translation of other important books in the process of Buddhist scripture translation, including the Tibetan translation of literature, medicine, astronomical almanac, etc. The conclusion summarizes the significance of Buddhist scripture translation in promoting the development of Tibetan culture.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B948

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