阿维森纳灵魂学说初探

发布时间：2018-03-29 04:21

本文选题：阿维森纳　切入点：想象　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：阿维森纳所处的时代是伊斯兰文明鼎盛时期,伊斯兰教作为三大一神教中出现最晚的一个,并不因时间上在后而在一神教的基本教义上有松动,相反伊斯兰教是非常严格的一神教。这样的宗教以及与之相应的社会似乎是一个不能接受异质文化的文明,但令人吃惊的是伊斯兰文明从形成开始就没有停止过对外来文明的吸收,而这种吸收产生的成果反过来又为伊斯兰文明不断地增加着活力。这其中,最引人注目的就是古希腊哲学通过“翻译运动”进入伊斯兰世界后产生的奇异结果,经历了最初的翻译之后,这个文明开始消化这些异质的智慧,出现了一些在思想上有继承关系,但问题独特的思考主题。伊斯兰哲学的形成虽然是整体性的,但必须有几个代表的人物,在这些思想家中阿维森纳因其学识的广博和思考的精深而显得尤其出众。本文从阿维森纳灵魂学说入手,试图对这个具体问题的分析管窥伊斯兰哲学的独特性以及它在哲学内在发展的逻辑中所处的位置。对这个问题的研究目前在国内尚处于起步阶段,罕见对伊斯兰哲学某一个哲学家有细致深入分析的成果,倒是在欧美,尤其以法国,加拿大,英国和美国形成了几个伊斯兰文化研究中心,成果颇丰。本文大部分资料就是这几个中心以及大学出版的书籍和发表的论文。本文分为四个部分,首先是对这个问题所处背景的介绍,也即是引言部分。其次,第一章主要介绍阿维森纳灵魂学说本身的理论背景,分为两小节。第一节对阿维森纳的哲学体系中的三个主要问题进行介绍,第二节则对灵魂学说这个问题从古希腊以及伊斯兰文明两种传统中进行定位。再次,第二章是本文的重点章节,分为四个部分,第一节是对灵魂学说涉及的三个关键术语的解释。第二节是对阿维森纳灵魂学说的简要介绍。第三节开始介绍阿维森纳灵魂学说的独特之处,以此区别于亚里士多德的灵魂学说。主要着手点在于对内感知以及其中的想象机能的详解。第四节进一步树立阿维森纳对这个问题的独特思考,通过理智概念以及阿维森纳独特的神圣理智为我们呈现阿维森纳以及伊斯兰哲学的独特性。最后一章分为两节,第一节是对阿威罗伊灵魂学说的简单介绍以及从阿威罗伊哲学中产生出的西方拉丁阿威罗伊主义的简介,尝试性地将阿维森纳和阿威罗伊哲学观的转变看作古典哲学和现代哲学分野在中世纪的缩影。第二节,通过比较阿维森纳和阿威罗伊以及与伊斯兰哲学的关系,对阿维森纳再定位,并对伊斯兰哲学作出简单的评价。
[Abstract]:Avicenna lived in the heyday of Islamic civilization. Islam, as the last of the three monotheistic religions, was not loosened in the basic doctrine of monotheism by time. On the contrary, Islam is a very strict monotheistic religion. Such a religion, and the corresponding society, seems to be a civilization that cannot accept heterogeneous cultures. But what is surprising is that Islamic civilization has not stopped absorbing foreign civilizations from the beginning of its formation, and the results of this absorption have, in turn, increased the vitality of Islamic civilization. The most striking thing is the strange result of the ancient Greek philosophy coming into the Islamic world through the "translation movement". After the initial translation, this civilization began to digest these heterogeneous wisdom. There are some thought themes that are inherited in thought but unique to the problem. The formation of Islamic philosophy, though holistic, must be represented by several representatives. Among these thinkers, Avicenna was particularly distinguished by his breadth of knowledge and depth of thought. This article starts with Avicenaar's theory of soul, This paper attempts to analyze the uniqueness of Islamic philosophy and its position in the logic of the internal development of philosophy. At present, the study of this issue is still in its infancy in China. A rare and detailed analysis of a philosopher in Islamic philosophy has resulted in the formation of several Islamic cultural research centers in Europe and the United States, especially in France, Canada, Britain and the United States. Most of the materials in this paper are books and papers published by these centers and universities. This article is divided into four parts, the first is the introduction of the background of the problem, that is, the introduction. Second, the first chapter mainly introduces the theoretical background of Avicenaar's soul theory itself. It is divided into two sections. The first section introduces the three main problems in Avena's philosophical system, and the second section focuses on the question of soul theory from the two traditions of ancient Greece and Islamic civilization. Again, The second chapter is the key chapter of this paper, which is divided into four parts. The first section is an explanation of the three key terms involved in the theory of soul. The second section is a brief introduction to Avicenna's theory of soul. The third section begins with a brief introduction of the uniqueness of Avicenna's theory of soul. This distinguishes it from Aristotle's theory of soul. The main starting point is a detailed understanding of the inner perception and its imaginative function. Verse 4 further establishes Avicenaar's unique thinking on this issue. Through the concept of reason and the unique divine reason of Avicenaar, we are presented with the uniqueness of Awisena and the philosophy of Islam. The last chapter is divided into two sections. The first section is a brief introduction to Aviroy's theory of soul and a brief introduction to the Western Latin Averroianism that emerged from Aviro's philosophy. The transformation of Avicenna and Aviroy's philosophy is tentatively regarded as the epitome of the separation between classical philosophy and modern philosophy in the Middle Ages. In the second section, by comparing Avicena and Aviroy as well as the relationship with Islamic philosophy, Reposition Avicenna and make a simple evaluation of Islamic philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B968;B5

【共引文献】