圆融与会通：万松行秀禅学思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 10:24

本文选题：万松行秀　切入点：圆融观　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：万松行秀是金元之际具有重要影响力的禅僧之一,经由行秀及其门弟子的努力,导致了曹洞宗史上的第二次中兴,曹洞宗的发展如日中天,甚至和临济宗平分秋色。值得一提的是,圆融性在万松行秀整个禅学思想体系中具有重要地位,它是行秀禅学思想的总体特色和中心环节,也是全面准确理解其禅学思想的关节点。对此,学界亦多有提及,但尚无专题和较具系统性的研究。所以对万松行秀的禅学圆融观之具体内涵与思想影响进行研究,很重要也很有必要。除了第一章绪论外,本文主要分为以下五章:在第二章中,先把万松行秀重新放回金元之际的时代中,摸透万松行秀所处的时代背景,在此基础上,再通过翻阅众多史传资料来厘清万松行秀的生平概况以及著作,使万松行秀以一个立体的、有血有肉的形象展现在我们面前。万松行秀一生大致可以分为三个时期:年少出家,悟道得法;屡主名刹,盛名两朝;溘然圆寂,著述颇丰。遗憾的是,目前仅存《从容录》和《请益录》两本。接着对这两本著作进行介绍,重点介绍万松行秀相对晚期的、更能体现其思想成熟度的《请益录》。通过对《请益录》的认真研读和相关数据统计,得出《请益录》和《天童拈古》五家禅师语引用次数对比和所引用的五宗较具代表性人物次数对比,以及《请益录》中的经论和禅籍引用情况,为下面三章的思想阐述一定基础。第三、四、五章是文章的主体部分,通过万松行秀具体著作内容的分析来研究其不拘宗派的圆融思想,该分析以《请益录》为主,《从容录》为辅。这三章分别从不同的层面着手,第三章先把握住万松行秀圆融思想的内核:在佛性问题上,行秀主张佛性是永恒、遍在的一,它超越二相、不可分别。在禅悟理念上,行秀主张真妄不二、理事双照。在修行观上,行秀主张佛法不离世间,离开了世间的佛法是死寂的。然后由内而外,第四章从佛教内部禅宗和华严宗、禅宗内部曹洞宗和其他四家禅层面进行分析,在禅教圆融上,万松行秀直接引用《华严经》和吸收"月印万川"、普眼不见普贤等华严宗思想。在五宗圆融上,一花开五叶,自心自悟是行秀融合五宗的关节点,行秀喜好沩仰宗风,对其他四家的禅师语更是信手拈来。接着,第五章则从佛教和儒道两家层面进行分析,行秀秉持以佛教为本位的三教圆融观。通过这样层层递进的分析,全面透彻地理解万松行秀的圆融思想。最后,第六章阐释万松行秀圆融观的历史影响。在政教关系上,行秀和金政权、元政权的关系都很融洽。在佛教界,行秀德高望重,法席盛隆。在道教界,行秀的得意弟子雪庭福裕、全一至温、林泉从伦,分别主导了元初两次著名的佛道之争。在与儒家的关系上,以耶律楚材和李纯甫为代表,对行秀执弟子礼的更是多得数不胜数,行秀的禅法又被称为"孔门禅"。
[Abstract]:Wan Songxing Xiu was one of the most influential Zen monks in the period of Jin and Yuan dynasties. Through the efforts of Heng Xiu and his disciples, it led to the second Zhonghing in the history of Cao Dongzong, and the development of Cao Dongzong was like a day in the sky. It is worth mentioning that mellow plays an important role in the whole Zen thought system of Wan Songxing Xiu, which is the overall characteristic and central link of the thought of Xingxiu Zen. It is also the key to a comprehensive and accurate understanding of his Zen thoughts. There are also many references to this, but there is no special topic and more systematic research. Therefore, the specific connotation and ideological influence of Wan Songxing Xiu's view on the melange of Zen study are studied. It is very important and necessary. In addition to the introduction to the first chapter, this article is divided into the following five chapters: in the second chapter, we first put Wan Songxing Xiu back in the era of Jin and Yuan, and understand the background of the era in which Wan Songxing Xiu is located, and on this basis, Through reading through many historical biographical materials to clarify the life profile and works of Wan Songxing Xiu, so that Wan Songxing Xiu can be displayed in front of us as a three-dimensional, flesh-and-blood image. Wan Songxing's life can be roughly divided into three periods: being young and becoming a monk. Realizing the law of Taoism; repeated names of masters and temples, famous for two dynasties; passing away from natural circle and silence, and writing quite a lot. Unfortunately, there are only two copies of "calm Records" and "Book of Please benefit". Then, the two works are introduced, with emphasis on the late stage of Wan Songxing Xiu. Through careful study and statistics of the relevant data, The comparison of the number of references in the five Zen masters' language and the number of the five more representative characters cited, as well as the citations of the Confucian classics and the Zen nationality in the Book of Please Yilu are obtained. The third, fourth, and fifth chapters are the main part of the article. Through the analysis of the concrete works of Wan Songxing Xiu, the author studies his informal sectarian and melodious thoughts. This analysis is based on "please Yi Lu", supplemented by "calm Records". These three chapters start from different levels, the third chapter first grasps the core of Wan Songxing's mellowed thought: on the issue of Buddha nature, the walking show advocates that the Buddha nature is eternal and omnipresent. It transcends the two phases and cannot be distinguished. In the concept of Zen enlightenment, the walk-show stands for the truth and the director takes the same picture. In the view of practice, the walk-show advocates that the Buddha's Dharma should not leave the world, and that the Buddhism that left the world is dead and silent. Then, from the inside to the outside, The fourth chapter analyzes Zen and Huayen Buddhism inside Buddhism, Cao Dongzong and other four Zen schools in Zen Buddhism. Wan Songxing Xiu directly quoted "Hua Yan Jing" and absorbed "Yueyin Wanchuan". The common people could not see the idea of Hua Yan Zong, such as Pu Xian, etc. On the five cases, one flower blossomed and five leaves opened, and self-realization was the key point of the combination of the walking show and the show, and the walk-show liked Weizongfeng. The Zen language of the other four schools is even more readily available. Then, chapter five analyzes from the two aspects of Buddhism and Confucianism and Taoism, and Xing Xiu adheres to the three religions' harmonious view based on Buddhism. Through this progressive analysis, Finally, the sixth chapter explains the historical influence of Wan Songxing's mellow view. In terms of political and religious relations, the relationship between the Xing Xiu and the Jin regime and the Yuan regime is very harmonious. In the Buddhist world, the Xiu Xiu is highly respected. Law Xi Shenglong. In the Taoist world, Xuting Fuyu, a proud disciple of the Xing Xiu and Wen to Wen and Lin Quan from Lun, respectively led the two famous debates on Buddhism and Taoism in the early Yuan Dynasty. In the relationship with Confucianism, Yeridu Chucai and Li Chunfu were the representatives. There are so many who hold disciple rites to the Xingxiu, and the Zen method is also called "Kong Men Zen".
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B948

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