西奈山在犹太教中的民族与宗教意义

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:54

本文选题：西奈山 + 犹太民族　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在拉比犹太教里,西奈山具有梯子的意思,就是说,这座山含有提升的意思。西奈山是以色列人亲临上帝,获得托拉的地方,是一盘散沙的以色列人凝聚团结、获得身份认同的所在地,是犹太教的诞生地。它与犹太教的确立和犹太民族的形成有着密不可分的联系。然而至今,在犹太教中,西奈山的具体位置尚无法确定,所以有必要对西奈山的相关问题进行深入细致的探讨和总结,以加深我们对这一古老而且独特的民族及其神圣信仰的认识和理解。本文分为四章,第一章为全文的一个概述；第二章阐述西奈山与犹太民族形成之间的关系；第三章论述西奈山在犹太教中的宗教意义；第四章是西奈山与锡安山的比较分析,以此更加突出西奈山的独特价值和意义。第一章是全文的一个概述。自公元70年,犹太人的第二圣殿被毁,犹太人被迫散居到世界各地。在犹太人近两千年的大流散生活中,西奈山因为是西奈之约的缔结之地逐渐成为一个地理符号而存在于每一个犹太人的心中,守护着这个多灾多难的民族,给予他们生存下去的信心。因此,本文首先从地理符号的维度,简要分析西奈山对犹太民族以及犹太教的意义。犹太民族的形成以及犹太教的确立与西奈之约的建立有着密不可分的关系。全体以色列人在西奈山和上帝立约与他们所处的环境有着不可分割的联系。接下来勾勒了西奈半岛恶劣的自然环境。同时,分析恶劣的自然环境是以色列人在西奈半岛形成民族共同体的不可或缺的因素之一。其次,以色列人出埃及的社会背景是西奈之约在西奈山确立的不容忽视的又一重要原因。所以本文又从社会历史的角度,力求客观地分析以色列人在埃及以及在旷野的真实生活情况。结合心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛提出的人类需求层次理论,尝试分析出埃及的以色列人特殊的心理与西奈之约确立之间的联系。本章的最后一节,通过中世纪最伟大的犹太哲学家迈蒙尼德对西奈之约的相关解释,分析犹太人恪守西奈之约的根源。第二章阐述了西奈山与犹太民族形成之间的关系。本章首先分析了以色列人在埃及的信仰状况以及他们因西奈之约而成为契约民族。其次,根据我国民族学家杨X对“民族”所下的定义,详细论证在西奈山时期,犹太人已经具备了民族形成的四因素(共同语言、共同地域、共同生活方式和共同的民族意识、民族情感的人们共同体),由此说明这一时期的以色列人群体已经初步获得民族认同,形成为犹太民族。需要说明的是,这一时期,构成犹太民族的诸要素可能尚不成熟,但可以确定已经具备了明显的发展趋势和方向。第三章分析西奈山在犹太教中的宗教意义。根据吕大吉先生的宗教构成理论,宗教需要具备四要素：宗教观念、宗教情感、宗教行为和宗教制度。举例论证这一时期宗教形成的其它各要素的表现,西奈山时期形成了较为完备的宗教体系。由于犹太教认为西奈山作为立约之地并非是上帝随意选择之地,所以首先阐述了西奈山作为立约之地的原因。其次,探讨了与西奈山相关的犹太教宗教观念。最后,鉴于七七节在犹太传统中的独特地位,笔者专辟一节介绍了七七节与犹太民族和犹太教之间的关系——再现了在西奈山上犹太人与上帝立约的情景,强化了犹太人的选民意识和民族意识。因为七七节是犹太教唯一不是按照固定日期过的节日,所以有必要在这一节中对其时间的界定做出解释。第四章是西奈山与锡安山的比较分析。在犹太传统中,锡安山是耶路撒冷的象征,具有重要的宗教意义和政治意义。本章首先以米尔恰·伊利亚德对圣地的分析为基础,阐释西奈山和锡安山在犹太教中都是宇宙山,都是犹太教中极为重要的圣山。进而通过对“已知与未知”、“锡安山是西奈山的继承者”、“西奈山与禁止偶像崇拜”三个方面进行探究,分析这两座宇宙山之间的联系,突出西奈山的独特性以及其在犹太教中的非凡价值和意义。
[Abstract]:In Rabbi Judaism, Mount Sinai has a ladder, that is to say, the mountain contains the meaning of ascension. Mount Sinai is the place where the Israelites have come to God and won the tora. It is the place where the Israelites are together, the place of identity, the birthplace of Judaism, the establishment of Judaism and the form of the Jewish nation. There is an inseparable connection. However, in Judaism, the specific position of Mount Sinai is still undetermined. So it is necessary to make a thorough and detailed discussion and summary of the related issues in Mount Sinai so as to deepen our understanding and understanding of this ancient and unique nation and its sacred trust. This article is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is The second chapter describes the relationship between Mount Sinai and the formation of the Jewish nation; the third chapter discusses the religious significance of Mount Sinai in Judaism; the fourth chapter is the comparative analysis of Mount Sinai and mount Zion, so as to highlight the unique value and significance of Mount Sinai. The first chapter is an overview of the full text. From 70. The second temple of the man was destroyed and the Jews were forced to spread to all parts of the world. In the great diaspora of the Jews for nearly two thousand years, Mount Sinai became a geographical symbol, the foundation of the Treaty of Sinai, and existed in the hearts of every Jew, guarding the disaster and difficult nation and giving them the confidence to survive. Therefore, this article begins with a brief analysis of the significance of Mount Sinai to the Jewish people and Judaism from the dimension of geographical symbols. The formation of the Jewish nation and the establishment of Judaism have an inseparable relationship with the establishment of the covenant of Sinai. All the Israelites have an inseparable connection with their environment in Mount Sinai and the covenant of God. Then it outlines the harsh natural environment of the Sinai peninsula. At the same time, the analysis of the bad natural environment is one of the indispensable factors for the formation of the ethnic community in the Sinai peninsula. Secondly, the social background of the Israelis out of Egypt is another important reason why the Treaty of Sinai is not overlooked in Mount Sinai. From the perspective of social history, we try to objectively analyze the real life situation of the Israelites in Egypt and in the wilderness. Combined with the theory of the hierarchy of human needs put forward by psychologist Abraham Maslow, try to analyze the relationship between the special psychology of Egypt and the establishment of the Treaty of Sinai. The greatest Jewish philosopher of Maimon Nead, Maimon Nead, explained the origin of the Treaty of Sinai. The second chapter expounds the relationship between the formation of the Jewish people and the formation of the Jewish people. This chapter first analyzes the faith situation of the Israelites in Egypt and the contractual nationality of the Israelites in Sinai. Secondly, it is based on this chapter. The definition of "nationality" by Chinese nationalist Yang X in detail demonstrates that during the period of Mount Sinai, the Jews had already possessed four factors (common language, common region, common way of life and common national consciousness, the community of people with national feelings) in the period of the period of this period, and the Israeli groups in this period have been preliminarily obtained. National identity is formed as a Jewish nation. It needs to be explained that the elements of the Jewish nation may not be mature in this period, but it can be determined that there are obvious trends and directions. The third chapter analyzes the religious significance of Mount Sinai in Judaism. According to Mr. Lv Daji's theory of religious composition, four needs to be possessed by religion. Religion: religious concept, religious emotion, religious behavior and religious system. An example demonstrates the expression of other elements of religion during this period. The Mount Sinai period formed a more complete religious system. Since Judaism believed that Mount Sinai was not the place of God's optional choice, it first expounded Mount Sinai as a stand. In the second place, the concept of Judaism related to Mount Sinai is discussed. Finally, in view of the unique position of the 77 section in the Jewish tradition, the author introduces a section on the relationship between the 77 section and the Jewish people and Judaism - the reappearance of the scene of the covenant between the Jewish people and the God in Mount Sinai and the strengthening of the Jews. The 77 section is the only holiday in which Judaism is not fixed on a fixed date, so it is necessary to explain the definition of its time in this section. The fourth chapter is the comparative analysis between Mount Sinai and mount Zion. In the Jewish tradition, Mount Zion is a symbol of Jerusalem, with important religious significance and politics. On the basis of Mircea Eliade's analysis of the holy land, this chapter explains that both the Mount Sinai and the zannan mountains are all cosmic mountains in Judaism, all of which are the most important sacred mountains in Judaism. Through the "known and unknown", "the heir of the SN an mountain is the heir of Mount Sinai", "Mount Sinai and the forbidden idolatry" three aspects. To explore and analyze the links between the two cosmic mountains, highlighting the uniqueness of Mount Sinai and its extraordinary value and significance in Judaism.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B985

【共引文献】