贡唐《劝学篇》价值探析

发布时间：2018-05-06 17:41

本文选题：劝学篇 + 文学　；参考：《青海民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：藏族历史中,藏族教育一直以佛教教育为核心,而佛教教育的发展则基于寺院教育制度的日趋完备。据相关文献记载:公元8世纪,藏王赤松德赞从印度请来莲花生大师,并主持修建了佛教第一所寺庙—桑耶寺。该寺便是藏传佛教第一所学府,也是藏族寺院教育雏形的形成之所。而随后,宇拓·宁玛云丹贡布(708—833)建立的藏医学院,则是藏族史上的第一所医学职业学校。公元11世纪初,译师仁钦桑布(954—1055)建立阿里陀林妙法寺院,并兼传藏医药知识,这对佛教译经事业和藏族医学的传承与发展都产生了很大的影响。俄勒贝西饶所创建的桑普乃托寺以提倡因明、辩论著称于世,后来在恰巴·曲吉桑格(1109—1169)的提倡下,又制定了分班次分学级的学习制度,同时规定以辩论形式学习藏传佛教显宗五部大论。这些举措对后来各教派教学规程的形成影响颇大。公元13世纪时,被誉为藏族“班智达”之首的萨迦班智达贡嘎嘉参,他开创的十明学习形式更是扩大了寺院教育即藏族教育的规模。公元14世纪,宗喀巴大师(1357—1419)广泛接触各藏传佛教教派的办学特点、教育方式、教学内容,积极吸收融合各派思想,并在此基础上不断地修正、完善,逐渐发展成为系统、完备的格鲁派学修制度。自此,藏传佛教格鲁派的学修制度大体固定并沿用至今,且随着格鲁派势力的发展壮大而在藏传佛教众多的学修制度中占有举足轻重的地位。藏传佛教寺院教育在长期的历史发展过程中形成了独具藏区特色的教育体系,有着自己独特的教育理念和教学方法,现实中也培养了无数的高僧大德。孙仲山先生说:“研究佛学可补科学之偏”,我们也可以说研究寺院教育可补现代学校教育之偏。这套教育体系是经过了漫长的历史调适之后应藏区社会地理人文环境而形成的,所以对于当下藏区教育的现代化学校教育应该何去何从有着很多可资借鉴的经验。同时,该如何辩证地看待寺院教育与学校教育之间的关系,也非常值得探讨。贡唐丹贝卓美大师(1762—1823)自幼出家为僧,在完备的格鲁派学修制度教育下贯通显密,被后人称誉为“贡唐文殊大师”。贡唐大师将上师的教诲与自己的学修体会相结合撰写了贡唐《劝学篇》,这是论述格鲁派学修制度的经典著作。因此,探析贡唐《劝学篇》对于研究藏族教育有很大的借鉴与启发意义。基于上述理由,本人将毕业论文分为四个章节。第一章主要通过搜索、整理寺志、人物传记等文献资料来描述贡唐丹贝卓美大师的修学经历并论述《劝学篇》的创作目的与范本。第二章从文学体裁、写作风格等四个方面来讨论贡唐丹贝卓美大师《劝学篇》的文学价值。第三章通过解读《劝学篇》来探析寺院教育的历史意义和现实价值。第四章说明贡《劝学篇》中的教育目的、教学方式、教材选取对解决现代教育尤其是藏区现代教育化教育中所存在的问题有重大的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In Tibetan history, Tibetan education has been centered on Buddhist education, and the development of Buddhist education is based on the increasingly complete system of temple education. According to relevant documents: in the 8th century AD, the Tibetan king Chisongdezan invited the master lotus from India, and presided over the construction of the first Buddhist temple-Sanye Temple. The temple is the first Tibetan Buddhist school, and also the origin of Tibetan temple education. Later, the medical school of Tibet, founded by Yutongma Yundangong (708-833), was the first medical vocational school in Tibetan history. At the beginning of the 11th century AD, the translator Ren Chin Sang Bun 954-1055) established the Ali Tuo Lin Miaofa monastery, and also transmitted Tibetan medicine knowledge, which had a great influence on the cause of Buddhist scripture translation and the inheritance and development of Tibetan medicine. The Temple of Sampanito, founded by Ole Basirao, was famous for its Innovations and debates. Later, under the advocacy of Chaba Tracisangge (1109-1169), it also established a system of study in shifts and grades. At the same time it is stipulated to study the five major theories of Tibetan Buddhism in the form of debate. These measures have a great impact on the later formation of the teaching rules of various sects. In the 13th century AD, Sakya Bangzhida Gongjia Shen, known as the head of the Tibetan "Banzhida", expanded the scale of temple education, that is, Tibetan education, by creating the form of Shiming study. In the 14th century AD, Master Zongkaba (1357-1419) had extensive contact with the school characteristics, educational methods and teaching contents of various Tibetan Buddhist sects, and actively absorbed and integrated various ideas, and on this basis constantly revised, perfected, and gradually developed into a system. A complete system of Grumism. Since then, the practice system of the Grugli sect of Tibetan Buddhism has been fixed and used up to now, and has played an important role in the numerous practice systems of Tibetan Buddhism with the development of the forces of the Grugers. Tibetan Buddhist monastery education has formed a unique educational system with its own unique characteristics in the course of its long historical development, and has its own unique educational ideas and teaching methods. In reality, it has also cultivated numerous senior monks and great virtues. Sun Zhongshan said, "the study of Buddhism can make up for the deviation of science", we can also say that the study of temple education can supplement the deviation of modern school education. This education system is formed by the social geography and humanities environment of Tibetan area after a long history adjustment, so there are many lessons to be learned for the modern school education in Tibetan area. At the same time, how to dialectically treat the relationship between temple education and school education is also worth discussing. Master Gongtang Danbei Zhuomei (1762-1823) became a monk from a young age and was known as the Master of Gongtang Manshu by later generations. Master Gongtang combined the teachings of the guru with his own learning experience and wrote Gongtang's "persuasion", which is a classic work on the system of Gru-school learning. Therefore, it is of great significance to study Tibetan education. For the above reasons, I will graduate thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly describes the experience of master Gongtang Danbei Zhuomei by searching, sorting out the literature of monasteries and biographies, and discusses the purpose and model of the creation of the essay of persuasion. The second chapter discusses the literary value of Gongtang Danbei Zhuomei from four aspects of literary genre and writing style. The third chapter analyzes the historical significance and practical value of monastery education. The fourth chapter explains the educational purpose, the teaching method and the selection of the teaching material in Gong's "persuading to learn". It is of great significance to solve the problems existing in the modern education, especially in the modern education in the Tibetan area.
【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G759.2;B947

【参考文献】