教徒的皈依：原因与过程

发布时间：2018-05-10 13:30

本文选题：天主教徒 + 皈依　；参考：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着宗教信仰自由政策的贯彻,天主教在我国进入前所未有的快速发展时期,每年都有大量的非宗教人士选择皈依天主教。那么人们是如何从普通的非宗教徒转变为天主教徒的,其皈依的原因和过程是怎样的?为了解释这些问题,本文基于H教堂教徒皈依的实地研究,对收集到的个案资料进行了分析,从理性选择理论和社会网络的视角,对天主教徒的皈依历程进行了描述与剖析。通过实地研究,笔者认为天主教徒的皈依是一个持续的动态的历程。个体最初选择接触天主教的原因是自身遭遇到了个人危机,由于这些危机在个体既有的架构与方案中未能得以解决,于是个体便在社会网络的动员和导引下接触天主教会,向宗教寻求危机的解决方案。在接触的过程中,个体会受到传教人员自身的人格魅力与社会地位的影响,同时接受了教会为他提供其他宗教产品,如良好的人际关系氛围、物质上的帮助和精神上的慰藉,宗教场所的神圣感等,从而对教会产生了信任与好感。继而是更加密集的互动,个体通过参加慕道班学习天主教教义,深入参与各种宗教活动,通过参加天主教的宗教仪式,参与天主教会的内部团体活动,参与天主教群体的人际网络互动,强化自身宗教意识,维系群体团结,增强个体对信仰团体的投入和认同,创造和巩固其对宗教团体的情感,使之皈依的感觉越来越真实,逐渐对教会产生了归属感,并慢慢融入到天主教会的信仰群体中,最终克服皈依的阻力,通过领洗完成了宗教皈依,正式获得了天主教徒的身份。天主教徒的皈依历程可以在理性选择理论和社会网络理论视角下得到很好的解读。在皈依阶段的前期,个体考虑更多的是如何能够从教会中得到解决危机的资源,选择接触教会是权衡得失后作出的选择,有着明显的工具理性色彩。而在皈依历程的后期,个体对宗教教义理解逐渐深入,并将其内化为自身的内在信仰,同时渐渐融入到了教会的内部关系网络,对教会投入了大量的情感,对教会组织产生了归属感,已经不再刻意关注自身的利益得失,转而关注天主教所传达的精神信仰,并认为选择皈依是符合天主教的信仰和信念的,这又有着明显的价值理性色彩。所以,笔者认为,个体的皈依历程有着从工具理性向价值理性转化的趋势,但又不能将两者完全割裂开。此外,社会网络的引导和动员贯穿于个体的整个皈依历程中。个体最初萌生接触宗教的意愿,是由于社会网络动员的结果,特别是社会网络中的强关系发挥了重要作用。个体和天主教会遇后,在双方互动的过程中,强关系继续发挥引导和陪伴的作用。个体与教会内部成员也由之前缺乏义务和不太信任的弱关系发展成为高度信任的强关系,由此渐渐融入了教会内部的人际关系网络之中并最终选择了皈依。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the policy of freedom of religious belief, Catholicism has entered an unprecedented period of rapid development in China. Every year, a large number of non-religious people choose to convert to Catholicism. So how did people change from ordinary non-believers to Catholics, and what were the reasons and processes for their conversion? In order to explain these problems, based on the field study of conversion of H Church members, this paper analyzes the collected case data and describes and analyzes the conversion process of Catholics from the perspective of rational choice theory and social network. Through field research, the author thinks that the conversion of Catholics is a continuous dynamic process. The reason why individuals first choose to contact Catholicism is that they have encountered personal crises, and since these crises have not been solved in the existing structures and programs of individuals, individuals have been mobilized and guided by social networks to approach the Catholic Church. Look to religion for a solution to the crisis. In the process of contact, the individual is influenced by the personal charm and social status of the missionary, and receives other religious products provided by the church, such as a good interpersonal atmosphere, material help and spiritual consolation. The sacredness of the religious place and so on, thus produced the trust and the good will to the church. Then there was a more intensive interaction, in which individuals studied Catholic teachings through participation in Mudaban, deeply engaged in various religious activities, participated in Catholic religious rituals, and participated in the internal community activities of the Catholic Church. To participate in the interaction of the Catholic community, to strengthen their religious consciousness, to maintain the unity of the group, to strengthen the individual's commitment and identity to the belief group, to create and consolidate their feelings towards the religious community, and to make the feeling of conversion more and more real. It gradually produced a sense of belonging to the church and gradually merged into the faith community of the Catholic Church, finally overcome the resistance to conversion, completed the religious conversion through washing, and formally gained the status of Catholics. The conversion process of Catholics can be well interpreted from the perspective of rational choice theory and social network theory. In the early stage of conversion, the individual considers more how to get the resources from the church to solve the crisis, and the choice to contact the church is a choice made after weighing gains and losses, which has obvious tool rationality color. In the later stage of conversion, the individual gradually understood and internalized the religious doctrine into his own internal belief, and gradually integrated into the inner relationship network of the church, and put a lot of emotion into the church. Having a sense of belonging to church organizations, they no longer pay any attention to their own interests, but to the spiritual beliefs that Catholicism conveys, and believes that the choice of conversion is in keeping with the beliefs and beliefs of Catholicism. This also has the obvious value rationality color. Therefore, the author believes that the process of individual conversion has a tendency from instrumental rationality to value rationality, but the two cannot be completely separated. In addition, social network guidance and mobilization throughout the individual conversion process. The initial desire of individuals to contact religion is due to the mobilization of social networks, especially the strong relationships in social networks. In the process of interaction between individual and Catholic Church, the strong relationship continues to play a leading and accompanying role. Individuals and members of the church also developed from a weak relationship of lack of obligation and lack of trust to a strong relationship of high trust, which gradually merged into the interpersonal network within the church and eventually chose to convert.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B977

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