通往罗马路上的文化交流和融合——解读早期基督教会从受迫害的宗教到成为“国教”的历史

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:06

  本文选题：基督教 + 罗马帝国　； 参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：早期罗马帝国的宗教格局是多元的。罗马帝国在不危及其政治统治的前提下容忍各种民族宗教的存在。到了罗马帝国后期,罗马皇帝想把某一种满足其需要的宗教扶植为国教,以便建立大一统的帝国意识形态。这里有政治方面的考量,也有文化和社会方面的因素。罗马后期,某些宗教已经从一种地域性的宗教演变为流传于罗马全境的具有"公共性"特征的宗教,基督教就是其中的一个典型。罗马皇帝最初选择把拜日教(太阳神崇拜)立为"国教",但遭到基督教不屈不挠的反抗。鉴于基督教是一种"公共宗教",在很大程度上能满足帝国的需要,罗马皇帝最终选择收编基督教为"国教"。这样做的原初目的是为了强化其统治,但宗教政策上的这一重大转变也带来新的问题。成为"国教"的基督教并不能挽救罗马帝国覆灭的命运,这种大一统的宗教导致西方文化从古典多元形态的"活跃期"走向中世纪的一元形态的"僵化期"。
[Abstract]:The religious pattern of the early Roman Empire was diverse. The Roman Empire tolerated the existence of ethnic religions without jeopardizing its political rule. By the end of the Roman Empire, the Roman emperor wanted to foster a religion that met his needs as a state religion in order to establish a unifying imperial ideology. There are political considerations, as well as cultural and social considerations. In the late Roman period, some religions had changed from a regional religion to a "public" religion, and Christianity was one of the typical religions. The Roman emperor initially chose to make worship of the sun as a "state religion", but it met with unyielding resistance from Christianity. In view of the fact that Christianity was a "public religion" which to a large extent satisfied the needs of the Empire, the Roman Emperor eventually chose to incorporate Christianity as the "state religion". The original aim was to strengthen its rule, but this major shift in religious policy also created new problems. Christianity, which became the "state religion", could not save the fate of the Roman Empire. This unified religion led the western culture from the "active period" of the classical pluralistic form to the "ossified period" of the monistic form in the Middle Ages.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院;
【基金】：“孔学堂”重大项目“中国传统文化与马克思主义中国化”(项目批准号:kxtzd201505) 国家社科一般项目“西方社会哲学研究”(项目批准号:15BZX078)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B979
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本文编号：1871306