节庆游戏与“共同体”生活——法国中世纪的愚人节研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 04:08

本文选题：愚人节 + 狂欢文化　；参考：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013年05期

【摘要】：愚人节曾经是中世纪法国最重要的狂欢节庆。与一般的理解不同,愚人节并非只是低级教士的节日,它实际上囊括了各个阶层、性别和年龄的支持者和参与者。愚人节狂欢游戏典型地反映了中世纪法国"共同体"式的生活状态,即包括各级教士在内的所有成员都共享着同样的文化、信仰、生活方式。这是因为中世纪人们的生活世界里充满了各种实际的和想象的威胁,因而需要通过某种群体性的宗教仪式来驱逐这些恐惧,同时团结一个社群的全体成员共同面对这些困难,愚人节的狂欢游戏正是这样的一种仪式。14—15世纪,深重的社会危机动摇了传统的教会和社会体系,教会开始把愚人节活动驱逐出教堂,进而禁止教士参加公共游戏活动。这些演变导致中世纪的"共同体"开始解体,并造成愚人节在16世纪中叶全面衰落。
[Abstract]:April Fool's Day was once the most important carnival in medieval France. Contrary to conventional understanding, April Fool's Day is not just a festival for lower priests. It actually includes supporters and participants from all walks of life, gender and age. April Fool's Day Carnival game typically reflects the medieval French "Community" style of life, in which all members of the community, including priests at all levels, share the same culture, faith, and way of life. This is because the medieval world of people was full of real and imagined threats, and it was necessary to banish these fears through some sort of communal religious ritual, while uniting all the members of a community to face these difficulties together. The carnival of April Fool's Day was such a ritual. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the deep social crisis shook the traditional church and social system, and the church began to expel April Fool's Day from the church, thus prohibiting priests from participating in public games. These changes led to the disintegration of the medieval Community and the general decline of April Fool's Day in the middle of the 16 th century.
【作者单位】：浙江大学历史学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(12&ZD187)
【分类号】：B977

【共引文献】