论黄宗羲《破邪论》及其与利玛窦思想之比较——以魂魄、轮回、祭祀为中心

发布时间：2018-06-17 06:30

本文选题：黄宗羲 + 利玛窦　；参考：《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：黄宗羲从气本论的宇宙本体论及注重经世致用与道德教化的立场出发,在批判程朱理学的同时回归先秦儒学原典,批判了道教魂魄说及中医的魂魄五行相配说,从气本论出发区分人性与物性,批判了程朱的性即理说及佛教地狱轮回说,并对祭祀及圣贤灵魂不朽给予理性解释,在批判朱熹魂气感格说的同时维护了儒家人文信仰。利玛窦基于天主赋魂说与天堂地狱赏罚论,批判了儒家基于气化论的魂灭说、佛教轮回说,并给予儒家祭祀以非宗教性的解释。双方在魂魄的根源及本质、灵魂是否散灭、地狱有无的认识上对立,在对程朱理学与佛教轮回说的批判及祭祀的世俗功能认识上基本一致,体现了主流儒家学者基于自身立场对利玛窦倡导的适应中国国情传教策略的批判性回应。
[Abstract]:From the standpoint of the cosmic ontology of Qi-based theory and the emphasis on practical application and moral education, Huang Zongxi came back to the original code of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period while criticizing Neo-Confucianism, criticizing the soul of Taoism and the theory of matching the five elements of the soul of traditional Chinese medicine. Starting from the theory of Qi, this paper distinguishes human nature from materiality, criticizes Cheng Zhu's theory of nature and the theory of Buddhist hellish reincarnation, and gives a rational explanation to sacrifice and immortal saints, thus criticizing Zhu Xi's theory of spiritual spirit and feeling sense of spirit and maintaining Confucian humanistic belief at the same time. Based on the theory of God and the reward and punishment of Heaven and Hell, Matteo Ricci criticizes the spiritualism theory and Buddhist reincarnation theory of Confucianism based on the theory of gasification, and gives a non-religious explanation to the sacrifice of the Confucianists. The two sides are basically in line with each other in terms of the origin and nature of the soul, whether the soul is scattered or not, the understanding of whether there is any hell or not, and the basic understanding of the criticism of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism's samsara and the secular function of sacrifice. It reflects the critical response of mainstream Confucian scholars to the missionary strategy advocated by Matteo Ricci.
【作者单位】：武汉大学哲学学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“《宋元学案》综合研究”(17FZX013) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“阳明心学的历史渊源及其近代转型”(16JJD720014)
【分类号】：B249.3;B978

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