从类型学到动态研究:兼论信仰的流动

发布时间：2018-09-06 12:50

【摘要】：自从杨庆X提出"混合宗教"与"制度化宗教"概念之后,类型学建构成为华人宗教研究的主流。本文尝试进行视角的转换,用"基于类型学基础上的动态研究"来分析华人社会中信仰的流动。该视角一方面强调类型学的重要性,认为在研究中国宗教时有必要对"灵"、"义"等本土概念予以社会科学化;另一方面它强调揭示类型之间的联系与变化,将静态的类型学考察转化为动态分析。本文认为,动态的视角有助于关照到被类型学忽略的过程以及隐匿于其中的趋势,继而发展诸多经典理论,即研究神灵的流动有助于理解"神灵的诞生与竞争",研究信徒的流动可以丰富"改教"理论,对宗教组织流动的研究则可以拓宽"教派—教会"理论的视野。自从杨庆X提出"混合宗教"与"制度化宗教"概念之后,类型学建构成为华人宗教研究的主流。本文尝试进行视角的转换,用"基于类型学基础上的动态研究"来分析华人社会中信仰的流动。该视角一方面强调类型学的重要性,认为在研究中国宗教时有必要对"灵"、"义"等本土概念予以社会科学化;另一方面它强调揭示类型之间的联系与变化,将静态的类型学考察转化为动态分析。本文认为,动态的视角有助于关照到被类型学忽略的过程以及隐匿于其中的趋势,继而发展诸多经典理论,即研究神灵的流动有助于理解"神灵的诞生与竞争",研究信徒的流动可以丰富"改教"理论,对宗教组织流动的研究则可以拓宽"教派—教会"理论的视野。
[Abstract]:Since Yang Qingxun put forward the concepts of "mixed religion" and "institutionalized religion", typology construction has become the mainstream of Chinese religious studies. This paper attempts to analyze the flow of belief in Chinese society by means of a dynamic study based on typology. On the one hand, it emphasizes the importance of typology, and holds that it is necessary to socialize the local concepts of "spirit" and "meaning" in the study of Chinese religion; on the other hand, it emphasizes on revealing the relationship and change between types. The static typology investigation is transformed into dynamic analysis. This paper holds that the dynamic perspective is helpful to the attention to the process of being neglected by typology and to the hidden trend, and then to the development of many classical theories. That is to say, the study of the flow of gods is helpful to understand "the birth and competition of gods", the study of the flow of believers can enrich the theory of "conversion to religion", and the study of the flow of religious organizations can broaden the perspective of the theory of "sectarian church". Since Yang Qingxun put forward the concepts of "mixed religion" and "institutionalized religion", typology construction has become the mainstream of Chinese religious studies. This paper attempts to analyze the flow of belief in Chinese society by means of a dynamic study based on typology. On the one hand, it emphasizes the importance of typology, and holds that it is necessary to socialize the local concepts of "spirit" and "meaning" in the study of Chinese religion; on the other hand, it emphasizes on revealing the relationship and change between types. The static typology investigation is transformed into dynamic analysis. This paper holds that the dynamic perspective is helpful to the attention to the process of being neglected by typology and to the hidden trend, and then to the development of many classical theories. That is to say, the study of the flow of gods is helpful to understand "the birth and competition of gods", the study of the flow of believers can enrich the theory of "conversion to religion", and the study of the flow of religious organizations can broaden the perspective of the theory of "sectarian church".
【作者单位】：北京大学社会学系;北京大学中国宗教与社会研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究2011年度一般项目“变迁社会中的政教关系”资助(11YJA840009)~~
【分类号】：C912;B920

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