哈贝马斯宗教观的转变及其启示

发布时间：2018-09-12 08:23

【摘要】：哈贝马斯是当今世界最具影响力的哲学家之一,是第二代法兰克福学派的理论旗手。他的理论涉及多种知识与学科,但近年来,他密切关注和频繁讨论宗教问题,这不仅出于其理论深入的要求,也是他对21世纪全球化发展中的人类境况的思考与回应。宗教是哈贝马斯学术生涯一直关注的领域之一,是他从未放弃思考的问题对象,也是他哲学思想研究过程中始终在场的因素。进入21世纪以后,在全球化的推动下,不同文化传统和宗教信仰的国家之间相互融合的过程中,冲突不可避免且正在愈演愈烈。尤其是2001年发生的“9·11”恐怖主义袭击事件,展现了宗教与世俗社会间极度紧张的关系,这也将哈贝马斯的目光引向了宗教问题,激发了马克思主义传统对西方宗教传统之当代意义的发掘。本文以哈贝马斯的主要著作为依据,搜集、梳理他在前期著作中对于宗教的论述,呈现他前期宗教观的发展脉络。在分析马克思和法兰克福学派的宗教观中,寻找到哈贝马斯宗教观的理论出发点。哈贝马斯继承了前辈们批判的内在精神传统,在其前期著作中,对宗教予以了不同程度的批判。二十世纪后半叶,人类社会发生了急剧多样的变化,诸如第二次世界大战、苏联解体、东欧剧变等历史事件。特别是新世纪之初发生的“9·11”事件和其他以宗教为背景的战争,致使哈贝马斯呼吁重新审视宗教的作用,肯定宗教的精神内涵和其正面价值。他不仅认为宗教应该在后世俗社会中继续存在,而且理性应该积极占有宗教的内涵,通过将宗教语言翻译为大众能够理解的世俗语言,让宗教作为共同体中平等的一员参与讨论和解决世俗面临的全球性问题。哈贝马斯本人更是通过与主教拉辛格的对话,身体力行地实践他的主张——理性与宗教应该展开对话。本文通过对哈贝马斯宗教观的梳理,特别是对他“9·11”事件之后的宗教观的转变的分析,说明宗教是哈贝马斯理论的重要资源,努力挖掘宗教在现实社会中的当代意义。哈贝马斯的宗教观不仅创新和丰富了马克思主义宗教观,也为发展中的中国提供了可资借鉴的内容。
[Abstract]:Habermas is one of the most influential philosophers in the world. His theory involves a variety of knowledge and disciplines, but in recent years, he has paid close attention to and frequently discussed religious issues, which is not only the demand of his theory, but also his reflection and response to the human condition in the development of globalization in the 21st century. Religion is one of the fields which Habermas has been paying close attention to all the time. After entering the 21st century, under the impetus of globalization, conflicts between countries with different cultural traditions and religious beliefs are inevitable and intensified. The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, in particular, demonstrated the extremely tense relationship between religion and secular society, which also led Habermas's attention to religious issues. It inspires Marxist tradition to explore the contemporary significance of western religious tradition. Based on Habermas' main works, this paper collects and combs his exposition on religion in his earlier works, and presents the development of his early religious view. In analyzing the religious views of Marx and Frankfurt School, we find the theoretical starting point of Habermas's religious view. Habermas inherits the inner spiritual tradition criticized by his predecessors and criticizes religion to different degrees in his earlier works. In the second half of the twentieth century, the human society changed rapidly, such as the second World War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and other historical events. Especially the "9 / 11" events and other wars in the background of religion at the beginning of the new century, which led Habermas to re-examine the role of religion and affirm the spiritual connotation and positive value of religion. He not only believes that religion should continue to exist in the post-secular society, but also that reason should actively occupy the connotation of religion, by translating religious language into secular language that the public can understand. To involve religion as an equal member of the community in the discussion and resolution of global problems facing the secular world. Habermas himself, through the dialogue with Bishop Razinghe, put into practice his idea that reason and religion should start a dialogue. By combing Habermas's religious views, especially the transformation of his religious views after the September 11 incident, this paper explains that religion is an important resource of Habermas's theory and tries to excavate the contemporary significance of religion in the real society. Habermas's religious view not only innovates and enriches Marxist religious views, but also provides lessons for developing China.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B089.1;B91

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