思孟儒学与基督宗教“人论”的比较研究
发布时间：2018-11-28 16:24
【摘要】：儒学,通常被称作人本主义哲学:基督宗教,则是一种典型的神本主义传统。这样两种文化传统的形成,是多方面因素共同作用的结果。但是,于其中,二者对“人”的看法,即“人论”,是造成这种分野的一个重要因素。总体上来说,在儒学系统中,人是思考的中心和尺度,所以,儒学的人论是在“人禽之辨”的基础上展开的,无论是对人性的思考、对天人关系的思考、还是对人的终极命运以及人通过修养所能达致最高境界的思考,都是围绕这个中心和尺度而进行。基督宗教的“人论”有着完全不同的基础,严格地说,它不是建基于人的自我意识的某种哲学理论,而是以上帝的启示为原则的某种宗教真理的宣告,至少对于信仰者而言就是如此。所以基督宗教思考的中心和尺度不是人而是神。以神的标准看人——神人之辨——是基督宗教“人论”展开的基础。简而言之,儒学“人论”是以人为本源,以人的自我认可为认识论准则而建立的“关于人”的理论系统;而基督宗教“人论”是以神为本源,以启示为认识论准则而建立起来的“关于人”的理论系统。本文将以思孟儒学为代表,试图对儒学和基督宗教的“人论”作一次细致的比较研究,并说明这一问题。 全文共分为四个部分: 第一部分,关于人性问题,儒学和基督宗教的回答及其差异。在这一部分中,又可以分为“人的起源”和“人性如何”两方面来写。在“人的起源”的问题上,儒学讲“天产生人”,讲究天命自然流行而生人,是一种纯“人学思考”;基督宗教提出“上帝造人”说,运用的是一种“神学思考”的方式。在人性问题上,思孟儒学提出人之优于禽兽,就在于人生来就有“善端”,也就是儒学讲究的“人性善”,这是儒家伦理之基;基督宗教认为,人的本性是无所谓善恶的,基督宗教的人性论应该是“人性本罪”,这是基督宗教“原罪”说的必然结果。 第二部分,关于天人关系或者神人关系问题,儒学和基督宗教的回答及其差异。天人关系(神人关系)如何,人在世界上的地位怎样,是“人论”的又一重要内容。天人合一观念是思盂儒学的主流意见,它既是一个本体论命题,也是一个价值论命题,包含人在社会伦理方面所当为的准则,对中国社会产生了深远的影响。基督宗教中,上帝与人关系首先是创造者与被创造物之间的关系,上帝创
[Abstract]:Confucianism, often referred to as humanism: Christian religion, is a typical divine tradition. The formation of such two cultural traditions is the result of the joint action of many factors. However, their view of "man", that is, the theory of man, is one of the important factors leading to this distinction. Generally speaking, in the Confucian system, man is the center and measure of thinking. Therefore, Confucian theory of man is based on "the distinction between man and bird", whether it is thinking about human nature or thinking about the relationship between man and nature. Or the ultimate fate of human beings and the highest level of cultivation can be achieved around this center and scale. The "theory of man" of Christian religion has a completely different foundation. Strictly speaking, it is not a philosophical theory based on human self-consciousness, but a declaration of religious truth based on the principle of God's revelation. At least for believers. So the center and measure of Christian thought is not man but God. To see man by the standard of God is the basis for the development of the theory of man in the Christian religion. In short, Confucianism's "theory of man" is a theoretical system of "human beings", which is based on human being's self-recognition as the epistemological criterion. On the other hand, the Christian religion "the theory of man" is a theoretical system of "man", which is based on God and on revelation as the criterion of epistemology. This paper, represented by Simon Confucianism, attempts to make a detailed comparative study of Confucianism and the theory of man in Christian religion, and to explain this problem. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part, the answers and differences between Confucianism and Christian religion. In this part, it can be divided into "the origin of human beings" and "how human nature" to write. On the issue of "the origin of man", Confucianism talks about "the generation of man by heaven", and stresses the natural popularity of nature and the birth of human beings, which is a pure "human thought", while the Christian religion puts forward the theory of "God creates man", which uses a way of "theological thinking". On the issue of human nature, Mencius Confucianism put forward that the superiority of human beings over beasts lies in the fact that human beings are born with "good ends", that is, Confucianism stresses "human goodness", which is the basis of Confucian ethics. The Christian religion believes that there is no good or evil in human nature, and that the theory of human nature of Christian religion should be the "original sin of human nature", which is the inevitable result of the theory of "original sin" of Christian religion. The second part is about the relationship between Heaven and Man and the relationship between God and Man. The relationship between man and nature (the relationship between God and man) and the status of man in the world are another important contents of the Theory of Man. The concept of harmony between man and nature is the mainstream opinion of Confucianism. It is not only an ontological proposition but also a axiological proposition, which contains the norms of human being's social ethics, and has a profound influence on Chinese society. In the Christian religion, the relationship between God and man is first and foremost the relationship between the Creator and the Creator, and God creates it.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：B97
本文编号：2363500
[Abstract]:Confucianism, often referred to as humanism: Christian religion, is a typical divine tradition. The formation of such two cultural traditions is the result of the joint action of many factors. However, their view of "man", that is, the theory of man, is one of the important factors leading to this distinction. Generally speaking, in the Confucian system, man is the center and measure of thinking. Therefore, Confucian theory of man is based on "the distinction between man and bird", whether it is thinking about human nature or thinking about the relationship between man and nature. Or the ultimate fate of human beings and the highest level of cultivation can be achieved around this center and scale. The "theory of man" of Christian religion has a completely different foundation. Strictly speaking, it is not a philosophical theory based on human self-consciousness, but a declaration of religious truth based on the principle of God's revelation. At least for believers. So the center and measure of Christian thought is not man but God. To see man by the standard of God is the basis for the development of the theory of man in the Christian religion. In short, Confucianism's "theory of man" is a theoretical system of "human beings", which is based on human being's self-recognition as the epistemological criterion. On the other hand, the Christian religion "the theory of man" is a theoretical system of "man", which is based on God and on revelation as the criterion of epistemology. This paper, represented by Simon Confucianism, attempts to make a detailed comparative study of Confucianism and the theory of man in Christian religion, and to explain this problem. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part, the answers and differences between Confucianism and Christian religion. In this part, it can be divided into "the origin of human beings" and "how human nature" to write. On the issue of "the origin of man", Confucianism talks about "the generation of man by heaven", and stresses the natural popularity of nature and the birth of human beings, which is a pure "human thought", while the Christian religion puts forward the theory of "God creates man", which uses a way of "theological thinking". On the issue of human nature, Mencius Confucianism put forward that the superiority of human beings over beasts lies in the fact that human beings are born with "good ends", that is, Confucianism stresses "human goodness", which is the basis of Confucian ethics. The Christian religion believes that there is no good or evil in human nature, and that the theory of human nature of Christian religion should be the "original sin of human nature", which is the inevitable result of the theory of "original sin" of Christian religion. The second part is about the relationship between Heaven and Man and the relationship between God and Man. The relationship between man and nature (the relationship between God and man) and the status of man in the world are another important contents of the Theory of Man. The concept of harmony between man and nature is the mainstream opinion of Confucianism. It is not only an ontological proposition but also a axiological proposition, which contains the norms of human being's social ethics, and has a profound influence on Chinese society. In the Christian religion, the relationship between God and man is first and foremost the relationship between the Creator and the Creator, and God creates it.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：B97
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李敏;思维方式差异的文化追问[D];广西师范大学;2008年
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