十九世纪末二十世纪初俄国社会主义发展中的宗教问题研究
发布时间：2019-01-22 09:46
【摘要】：在人类社会发展史上，社会主义与宗教的关系是一个复杂而又敏感的新课题。科学社会主义无论做为一种思潮、一种运动还是一种社会制度，都是坚持以马克思主义为指导思想，坚持辨证唯物主义和历史唯物主义（包括无神论），这就与一切唯心论（包括宗教的有神论）有着根本的区别。对于马克思主义政党来说，坚持马克思主义的指导，处理好社会主义发展中的宗教问题就成为了一个关乎革命成败的重大而又复杂的问题。 19世纪末20世纪初，，俄国社会主义发展经历了科学社会主义思想的传播、建立无产阶级政党、进行社会主义革命斗争、建立社会主义国家政权等诸多过程。社会主义发展中对宗教应该持什么样的态度，宗教方面对社会主义的反应如何，以列宁为代表的俄国布尔什维克党在这一过程中如何认识和处理宗教问题，有哪些经验教训，这些是需要深入研究的重要课题。而以往的社会主义发展史中对这一问题的研究比较薄弱，本论文针对这一问题进行了探讨。 本论文正文部分共六章。 第一章，“十九世纪末俄国社会主义运动的兴起”。主要对十九世纪末国际政治形势进行了简要的介绍，说明当时的时代是帝国主义和无产阶级革命的时代，而俄国是帝国主义矛盾的集合点。同时对科学社会主义思潮在俄国的传播做了回顾，并重点介绍了普列汉诺夫和列宁对科学社会主义思想在俄国的传播所做的贡献。 第二章，“俄国社会主义运动中宗教问题的提出”。对沙皇俄国的宗教状况和教会与沙皇政权的关系进行了概述，指出俄国是一个基本上全民信教的国家，而俄国东正教会和沙皇政权的关系是教会依附于皇权。在这样的一个国家里进行社会主义革命，必然要涉及到与宗教和教会的关系问题。普列汉诺夫对宗教问题进行了初步研究，提出了历史唯物主义的宗教观，列宁在建立布尔什维克党的过程中对宗教问题做了研究。 第三章，“俄国1905年革命及革命低潮时期中的宗教问题”。介绍了1905年俄国革命的过程，教会在这一时期维护沙皇的专制统治和剥削制度，而且用武力反对人民。革命低潮时期，唯心主义猖獗，“寻神说”和“造神说”泛滥，危害了马克思主义的理论基础，危害社会民主党的组织，影响了革命事业的发展。普列汉诺夫和列宁对之进行了尖锐的批判。 第四章，“列宁关于社会主义发展中的宗教问题理论的全面阐述”。主要对俄国1905年革命后到1917年间列宁有关宗教问题的思想进行挖掘，其主要观点包括：关于阶级社会中宗教的本质、起源和社会作用；关于“国家与教会相分离”的原则；同宗教做斗争要服从于革命斗争的需要；对宗教神职人员要采取正确的态度；反对对待宗教的“左”的态度等等。 WP=4 第五章，“十月社会主义革命期间的宗教问题”。主要介绍了在第一次世界大战和俄国社会矛盾激化的情况下，俄国革命形势日益成熟，终于爆发了1917年革命。在1917年二月革命和十月革命的进程中，俄国教会充当了反革命的角色，进行了一系列的反革命活动。 第六章，“新生苏维埃政权对宗教问题的处理”。详细介绍了苏维埃政权建立过程中关于宗教问题的政策法令，教会对苏维埃政权的反抗，苏维埃政权实行了宗教信仰自由的政策，在打击教会反革命活动的同时，保护了正常的宗教活动。论文还总结了列宁晚年关于宗教问题的思想，包括摧毁剥削经济和宗教宣传组织的联系、不能把国家问题和宗教问题混为一谈、苏维埃政权对各宗教一视同仁、同宗教做斗争要特别慎重、要组织广泛的无神论宣传等。
[Abstract]:In the history of human society, the relationship between socialism and religion is a complex and sensitive new subject. Whether the scientific socialism is a kind of ideological trend, a movement or a kind of social system is to adhere to the Marxism as the guiding ideology and stick to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism). This is fundamentally different from all idealism, including the divine theory of religion. To the Marxist political party, to adhere to the guidance of Marxism, to deal with the religious problem in the socialist development has become a major and complex problem which is about the success or failure of the revolution. At the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the socialist development of Russia has gone through the dissemination of scientific socialism thought, established the proletarian party, carried out the struggle of the socialist revolution, and set up the socialist country What is the attitude of religion in the development of socialism, how to respond to socialism, how to know and deal with religious problems in this process by the Bolshevik Party of Russia, which is the representative of Lenin What lessons are available, these are needed In the history of the history of socialism, the study of this problem is relatively weak, and the thesis is aimed at this a problem has been discussed. The first chapter, "The Rise of the Russian Society Movement at the" At the end of the 19th century, the international political situation was introduced briefly, and the time of the time was the empire. The time of the revolution of the proletariat and the proletariat, while Russia is the set point of the contradiction of the imperialism. At the same time, the dissemination of the scientific socialism thought in Russia has been reviewed, and the main points are given. The contribution of Hanov and Lenin to the dissemination of scientific socialism thought in Russia. The Socialist Movement of Russia ". An overview of the religious situation of the czar Russian and the relationship between the church and the czar regime, pointing out that Russia is one. The relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the czar regime is the church's attachment to the imperial power. In such a country, carrying out the socialist revolution must involve the relationship with the religion and the church. On the religious view of historical materialism, Lenin made a study on the issue of religion in the process of establishing the Bolshevik Party. the Period of the Low-tide of the Revolution鈥
本文编号：2413101
[Abstract]:In the history of human society, the relationship between socialism and religion is a complex and sensitive new subject. Whether the scientific socialism is a kind of ideological trend, a movement or a kind of social system is to adhere to the Marxism as the guiding ideology and stick to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism). This is fundamentally different from all idealism, including the divine theory of religion. To the Marxist political party, to adhere to the guidance of Marxism, to deal with the religious problem in the socialist development has become a major and complex problem which is about the success or failure of the revolution. At the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the socialist development of Russia has gone through the dissemination of scientific socialism thought, established the proletarian party, carried out the struggle of the socialist revolution, and set up the socialist country What is the attitude of religion in the development of socialism, how to respond to socialism, how to know and deal with religious problems in this process by the Bolshevik Party of Russia, which is the representative of Lenin What lessons are available, these are needed In the history of the history of socialism, the study of this problem is relatively weak, and the thesis is aimed at this a problem has been discussed. The first chapter, "The Rise of the Russian Society Movement at the" At the end of the 19th century, the international political situation was introduced briefly, and the time of the time was the empire. The time of the revolution of the proletariat and the proletariat, while Russia is the set point of the contradiction of the imperialism. At the same time, the dissemination of the scientific socialism thought in Russia has been reviewed, and the main points are given. The contribution of Hanov and Lenin to the dissemination of scientific socialism thought in Russia. The Socialist Movement of Russia ". An overview of the religious situation of the czar Russian and the relationship between the church and the czar regime, pointing out that Russia is one. The relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the czar regime is the church's attachment to the imperial power. In such a country, carrying out the socialist revolution must involve the relationship with the religion and the church. On the religious view of historical materialism, Lenin made a study on the issue of religion in the process of establishing the Bolshevik Party. the Period of the Low-tide of the Revolution鈥
本文编号：2413101
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