毒性抑制下好氧颗粒污泥的响应研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 13:12

本文选题：好氧颗粒污泥 + 噻虫嗪　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：好氧颗粒污泥技术作为一种新颖的污水生物处理技术,在污水处理方面有着广阔的应用前景。好氧颗粒污泥因其特殊的结构特点,使得其在处理有毒物质方面有独特的优势。噻虫嗪(TMX)与混合苯二酚分别作为低毒性杀虫剂和高毒性含酚物质的代表,因而研究TMX和混合苯二酚对好氧颗粒污泥的毒性作用能够为好氧颗粒污泥处理有毒废水提供一定的参考价值。本文的主要内容和研究成果如下:(1)以蔗糖为基质的好氧颗粒污泥的培养。在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中,以蔗糖为基质,经过105天能够培养出淡黄色的成熟的好氧颗粒污泥,沉降性能良好,污泥体积指数(SVI)维持在40 mL/g,其表面存在大量的杆菌和少量的球菌。SBR反应器对化学需氧量(COD)去除率能达到90%以上,而对NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的去除率只有67%和55%。颗粒污泥中死细菌在内部和外部均匀分布,而活细菌主要分布在外层区域,β-多糖主要分布在颗粒外层,而α-多糖和蛋白质不仅分布在颗粒外层,而且在内部一定区域内也同样分布存在。(2)TMX和混合苯二酚对好氧颗粒污泥和絮体污泥的毒性影响。在TMX和混合苯二酚的毒性作用下,其对好氧颗粒污泥和絮体污泥的NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的去除以及胞外聚合物(EPS)的形成和比耗氧速率(SOUR)均产生了毒性抑制作用。同时,TMX对COD的去除有明显的抑制作用。和絮体污泥相比,混合苯二酚对颗粒污泥的毒性抑制作用较弱,实验研究表明,TMX的毒性明显弱于混合苯二酚。(3)SBR反应器中混合苯二酚对好氧颗粒污泥的毒性影响。在混合苯二酚的瞬时冲击作用下,好氧颗粒污泥逐渐解体,其对COD、NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P的去除以及对SOUR、活细菌的活性和EPS的形成产生了毒性抑制作用,蛋白质和α-多糖在内部纵向分布变少。此时,COD的去除率仅维持在60%左右,而NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的去除率分别仅维持在10%和20%左右。经过混合苯二酚的驯化作用,颗粒表面的菌群发生了显著的变化,经过26天驯化,颗粒表面以球菌为主。驯化后的颗粒污泥对COD、NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P的去除率和SOUR逐渐恢复,COD的去除率能达到90%左右,但NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的去除效果却无法恢复到原来的状态,维持在40%左右,总细胞逐渐向外扩增,而β-多糖向内扩增。
[Abstract]:Aerobic granular sludge technology, as a novel biological sewage treatment technology, has a broad application prospect in sewage treatment. Aerobic granular sludge has a unique advantage in dealing with toxic substances because of its special structural characteristics. Thiamethazine (TMX) and mixed diphenols were used as low toxicity insecticides and highly toxic phenolic substances, respectively. Therefore, the study on the toxicity of TMX and mixed dihydroxybenzene to aerobic granular sludge can provide some reference value for aerobic granular sludge treatment of toxic wastewater. The main contents and research results are as follows: 1) cultivation of aerobic granular sludge based on sucrose. In the sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (SBR), using sucrose as the substrate, the matured aerobic granular sludge with yellowish color could be cultured for 105 days, and the settling performance was good. The sludge volume index (SVI) was maintained at 40 mL / g, and the removal rate of COD by a large number of bacilli and a small amount of cocci in SBR reactor could reach more than 90%, but the removal rates of NH4- N and PO_4~(3-)-P were only 67% and 55%. The dead bacteria in granular sludge distributed evenly inside and outside, while living bacteria mainly distributed in the outer layer, 尾 -polysaccharide mainly distributed in the outer layer of granule, and 伪 -polysaccharide and protein were not only distributed in the outer layer of granule, but also in the outer layer of granular sludge. The toxic effects of TMX and mixed dihydroxybenzene on aerobic granular sludge and flocculating sludge were also observed in a certain area. Under the toxicity of TMX and mixed diphenols, the toxic effects of TMX on the removal of NH4- N and PO_4~(3-)-P from aerobic granular sludge and flocs, the formation of extracellular polymer EPSs and the specific oxygen consumption rate were also observed. At the same time, TMX has obvious inhibitory effect on the removal of COD. Compared with flocs sludge, the toxic inhibition of mixed dihydroxybenzene on granular sludge was weaker. The experimental study showed that the toxicity of TMX was obviously weaker than that of mixed dihydroxybenzene. 3. The toxicity of mixed dihydroxybenzene on aerobic granular sludge was obviously weaker than that of mixed dihydroxybenzene. Under the instantaneous impact of mixed dihydroxybenzene, aerobic granular sludge gradually disintegrated, and its removal of CODS-NH4 ~ -NPO-PO4- (3-P) produced toxic inhibitory effects on source, activity of living bacteria and formation of EPS, and the longitudinal distribution of protein and 伪 -polysaccharide decreased. The removal rate of COD is only about 60%, while the removal rate of NH4- N and PO_4~(3-)-P is only about 10% and 20%, respectively. After acclimation of mixed dihydroxybenzene, the microflora on the surface of particles changed significantly. After 26 days of acclimation, the surface of particles was dominated by cocci. After acclimation, the removal rate of COD4- ~ -N- PO4- P and the removal rate of SOUR gradually recovered to 90%, but the removal efficiency of NH4- N and PO_4~(3-)-P could not return to its original state. The total cells gradually expanded outwards when the removal rate of NH4- N and PO_4~(3-)-P was about 40%. 尾-polysaccharides were amplified inward.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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