黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱性评价及演变特性研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 20:10

【摘要】：黄河三角洲湿地具有地理位置优越、自然资源丰富及物种多样化等特点,不仅为社会经济及人类自身生存与发展提供了物质基础和条件,也是维系区域生态健康的因素。由于气候变化、黄河下游水沙变异以及人们过度的开发和利用湿地资源等因素,对其生态环境造成了严重的破坏,从而导致湿地污染、土壤酸化以及天然湿地面积逐年递减等问题,生态环境系统呈现出明显的脆弱性。对黄河三角洲湿地生态环境进行脆弱性评价及演变特性研究,阐明湿地生态环境脆弱性状况,探寻影响区域生态环境脆弱性的主要驱动因素,揭示生态环境脆弱性系统的演变机制,为黄河三角洲湿地的保护与管理提供理论基础,项目研究对湿地的合理利用及生态建设具有重要理论价值与现实意义。在综合分析黄河三角洲湿地可持续发展目标与任务的基础上,建立了4个层次共16项指标的黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系,采用突变级数法及基于熵权的模糊综合评价模型对湿地生态环境进行脆弱性评价,通过评价得出1983~2010年黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱性大部分呈中度脆弱,2011年以来主要为强度脆弱,两种评价方法评价结果基本一致。借助SPSS19.0软件对黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱性驱动因素进行主成分分析,提取了累计贡献率为82.457%的4个主成分,确定水沙状况驱动力、植被土壤驱动力、气象条件驱动力以及社会发展水平驱动力是影响黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱的主要驱动力,其中水沙状况驱动力是第一驱动力。基于信息熵理论研究黄河三角洲湿地生态环境脆弱性的演变特征,研究表明湿地生态环境系统脆弱性信息熵总体呈上升趋势,并结合灰色关联分析出与湿地生态环境脆弱性动态变化具有相对较高关联度的因子,主要有年径流量、年均含沙量、年均降水量、年均最大最小温差及人口密度;通过对湿地空间变化与脆弱性动态关系的研究,得出湿地面积与生态环境脆弱性呈负相关,而在湿地景观格局中沼泽湿地、滩涂湿地以及水库坑塘湿地与生态环境脆弱性关联度相对较高。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River Delta wetland is characterized by its superior geographical location, rich natural resources and diversity of species. It not only provides the material basis and conditions for the survival and development of social economy and human beings, but also is the factor to maintain the regional ecological health. As a result of climate change, variation of water and sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and excessive exploitation and utilization of wetland resources, the ecological environment of the Yellow River has been seriously damaged, resulting in wetland pollution. Soil acidification and natural wetland area decrease year by year, ecological environment system presents obvious fragility. The vulnerability evaluation and evolution characteristics of wetland ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta were studied to clarify the vulnerability of wetland ecological environment and to explore the main driving factors affecting the regional ecological environment vulnerability. This paper reveals the evolution mechanism of ecological environment vulnerability system and provides a theoretical basis for the protection and management of wetland in the Yellow River Delta. The project research has important theoretical value and practical significance for the rational utilization of wetland and ecological construction. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the sustainable development goals and tasks of the wetland in the Yellow River Delta, an evaluation index system of the ecological environment vulnerability of the wetland in the Yellow River Delta was established with 16 indexes at 4 levels. The sudden change series method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight were used to evaluate the vulnerability of wetland ecological environment. The results show that the vulnerability of wetland ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2010 is mostly moderately fragile, and is mainly weak since 2011, and the results of the two evaluation methods are basically the same. Based on the principal component analysis of the driving factors of wetland ecological environment vulnerability in the Yellow River Delta with SPSS19.0 software, four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 82.457% were extracted to determine the driving force of water and sediment status and the driving force of vegetation soil. The driving force of meteorological conditions and the level of social development is the main driving force affecting the fragile ecological environment of wetland in the Yellow River Delta, among which the driving force of water and sediment condition is the first. Based on the information entropy theory, the evolvement characteristics of wetland ecological environment vulnerability in the Yellow River Delta are studied. The results show that the information entropy of wetland ecological environment vulnerability is on the whole rising. Combined with grey relation analysis, the factors which have relatively high correlation degree with the dynamic changes of wetland ecological environment vulnerability are mainly annual runoff, average annual sediment content, average annual precipitation, annual maximum and minimum temperature difference and population density. Based on the study of the dynamic relationship between wetland spatial change and vulnerability, it is concluded that the wetland area is negatively correlated with the ecological environment vulnerability, while in the wetland landscape pattern, the marsh wetland. The correlation between tidal flat wetland and reservoir pothole wetland and ecological environment vulnerability is relatively high.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;X171.1

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