湖北省畜禽养殖污染现状及总量控制

发布时间：2018-10-16 11:38

【摘要】：通过畜禽产排污系数以及2011年湖北省的统计数据,估算出湖北省2011年畜禽养殖业畜禽粪便总量及COD、氮、磷的产生量,分析了污染物对环境污染的情况,并对湖北省畜禽养殖的环境容量和污染风险进行了初步评估。结果表明,2011年湖北省畜禽的粪便总量为8 479.8万t,主要分布在襄阳市、黄冈市、孝感市。全省粪便耕地负荷为16.2 t/hm~2/a,警报值为0.54,分级级数为II,对环境构成污染的威胁为"稍有"。全省氮、磷的耕地负荷分别为157.9 kg/hm~2/a、24.5 kg/hm~2/a,其中,鄂州市、黄冈市均超过欧盟限量标准(氮170 kg/hm~2/a、磷35 kg/hm~2/a)。2011年湖北省的实际养殖总量分别为7 868.5万头猪当量(N)、9 725.3万头猪当量(P),都超过畜禽50%环境容量(为4 599.4万头猪当量(N),7 161.1万头猪当量(P)。除了荆州市外,其他大部分地区的实际养殖数量都超过50%环境容量,这些地区应该严格控制畜禽的养殖数量并同时做好污染物消减措施。
[Abstract]:Based on the sewage discharge coefficient of livestock and poultry production and the statistical data of Hubei Province in 2011, the total amount of feces and the production of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in livestock and poultry industry in Hubei Province in 2011 were estimated, and the pollution of pollutants to the environment was analyzed. The environmental capacity and pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding in Hubei Province were preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that the total feces of livestock and poultry in Hubei Province was 84.798 million t in 2011, mainly distributed in Xiangyang, Huanggang and Xiaogan. The load of fecal land was 16.2t / hm ~ (-1) / a, the alarm value was 0.54, and the threat of environmental pollution caused by II, was "slight". The cultivated land loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in the province were 157.9 kg/hm~2/a,24.5 kg/hm~2/a, respectively. Huanggang city exceeded the EU limit standard (N 170 kg/hm~2/a, P 35 kg/hm~2/a). In 2011, the actual total amount of cultivation in Hubei Province was 78.685 million pigs equivalent (N), 97.253 million pigs equivalent (P), exceeded 50% environmental capacity of livestock and poultry (45.994 million pigs equivalent (N), 71.611 million pigs equivalent (P). With the exception of Jingzhou City, the actual quantity of aquaculture in most areas is more than 50% of the environmental capacity. These areas should strictly control the number of livestock and poultry breeding and do a good job of pollution reduction measures at the same time.
【作者单位】：湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所;武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院;农业部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站;
【基金】：国家科技重大专项(2015ZX07103-007-015) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303089-04)~~
【分类号】：X713

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