报纸肥料对铅、镉在土壤-植物体系中的迁移及对植物生长影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 17:33

本文选题：肥料 + 植物　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：在我国,废旧报纸的回收利用效率不高,多数被用于再造纸,但是由于再造纸过程中所带来的环境污染已经高于造纸所创造的经济价值,而且更加环保的造纸工艺并不覆盖全国。因此我们寻求处理废旧报纸的新途径,将废旧报纸通过化学处理制作成一种可再利用的有机肥料。本论文是将废旧报纸再次利用,通过化学处理制作成有利于植物生长的肥料。不同浓度的肥料对植物的生长起到不同作用。3 g/kg为肥料最佳的投加量。同时做了只加了用于处理废旧报纸的化学药品而不加报纸的对比实验,植株的长势证明通过本实验采用的方法而制作出的肥料为最佳。肥料的SEM图显示出肥料纤维表面为毛鳞状结构,这与肥料在制作过程中,报纸碎屑在硝酸和纤维素反应下生成纤维素硝酸酯或硝基纤维素相吻合。肥料的未溶解的特征可以有效防止营养成分的损失。通过N~2-BET方法测定肥料的比表面积,数值为43.2 m2/g。较高的表面积增大了肥料与土壤和植物根部的接触,有效提高了植物吸收肥料的效率,能更持久的保存在土壤中。通过FT-IR方法分析肥料的特性。红外谱图中显示羧基的信号强度较低,紫丁香单元更加丰富。与肥料中木质素水解为紫丁香单元相吻合,易于肥料同土壤中某些营养物质结合,更有利于植物对肥料和土壤中营养物质的吸收。肥料对蔬菜生理和营养指标的影响程度与肥料浓度密切相关,随肥料浓度的提高,2种蔬菜光合色素含量逐渐上升。肥料浓度为5 g/kg时,光合色素含量最高。与小白菜相比,萝卜光合色素变化幅度较小。肥料的施加促进蔬菜光合色素合成,提升植株光合作用的能力。维生素C含量随着肥料浓度的升高,呈逐步下降趋势,但仍高于CK组,提高维生素C含量的最佳肥料浓度为1 g/kg。相比较而言,小白菜植株内维生素C对肥料浓度的敏感程度大于萝卜。肥料的施加可显著提高小白菜和萝卜中游离氨基酸总量和可溶性蛋白质的生成,且肥料浓度越高,促进作用越明显。进一步使得蔬菜营养品质有所提高。肥料浓度较低时,蔬菜中营养物质含量较CK组略有增加。2种蔬菜的营养品质受肥料影响程度综合比较而言,小白菜的营养品质受肥料影响变化幅度较大。4类指标相比,可溶性蛋白质受肥料浓度影响的变化幅度最大,其次依次为光合色素、游离氨基酸总量和维生素C。实验研究施加自制肥料对植物在不同浓度Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)污染的土壤中生长的影响,分析重金属Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)在土壤—植物体系中的迁移。分析植物的根系耐性指数(RTI)和转移系数(TF),结果表明Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)污染抑制植物根系的生长。对植物地上部分和地下部分Pb~(2+)含量和Cd~(2+)含量进行测定,结果表明地下部分(根部)Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)含量显著高于地上部分。在Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)污染的情况下,肥料的使用促进植物根系对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸收。随着肥料浓度的增加,Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)对植物根系的生长并没有显著的抑制作用。施加肥料促进了植物地上部分的生长。当肥料浓度为3g/kg,促进效果最高。无论是否有重金属Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的污染,肥料的施加对蔬菜根部吸收重金属都有不同程度的促进作用;当肥料浓度为3 g/kg时,这种促进作用最为显著。土壤中不同深度重金属的含量不同,这与蔬菜的根系长度有关。在蔬菜根长深度范围,土壤中的重金属含量相对较低,土壤中重金属含量整体呈现中层(地下6 cm)上层(地下3 cm)下层(地下9 cm)的趋势。本课题将废旧报纸经过化学方法处理后制作成利于植物生长的肥料,不仅为废旧报纸的处理开辟了新的途径,而且为农业提供了一种经济有效的肥料。
[Abstract]:In our country, the recycling efficiency of the old newspapers is not high, most of which are used for papermaking, but because the environmental pollution in the process of paper making is already higher than the economic value created by paper making, and the more environmentally friendly paper technology does not cover the whole country. The study is made into a reused organic fertilizer. This paper reuses waste newspapers to make fertilizer for plant growth through chemical treatment. Different concentrations of fertilizers play a different role in plant growth,.3 g/kg is the best dosage for fertilizer. At the same time, only chemicals used to deal with waste newspapers are added. The growth of the plant proved to be the best fertilizer used in this experiment. The SEM map of the fertilizer shows that the surface of the fertilizer fiber is a hair scale structure. In the process of making the fertilizer, the newspaper detritus produced cellulose nitrate or nitrocellulose under the reaction of nitric acid and cellulose. The undissolved characteristics of fertilizer can effectively prevent the loss of nutrients. The specific surface area of fertilizer is measured by N~2-BET method. The high surface area of 43.2 m2/g. increases the contact between fertilizer and soil and plant roots, which can effectively improve the efficiency of plant absorption of fertilizer and can be kept in the soil more enduring. Through the FT-IR method, The characteristics of fertilizer are analyzed. The infrared spectrum shows that the signal intensity of carboxyl group is low and the lilac unit is more abundant. It is consistent with the hydrolysis of lignin in the fertilizer to the lilac unit, which is easy to combine with some nutrients in the soil, and is more beneficial to the absorption of nutrients in the fertilizer and soil. The influence degree of the standard was closely related to the fertilizer concentration. With the increase of fertilizer concentration, the content of photosynthetic pigments of 2 vegetables increased gradually. When the fertilizer concentration was 5 g/kg, the content of photosynthetic pigments was the highest. Compared with Chinese cabbage, the change amplitude of photosynthetic pigments of radish was small. Fertilizer application promoted the photosynthetic pigment synthesis of vegetables and improved the photosynthesis ability of plant. The content of vitamin C decreased gradually with the increase of fertilizer concentration, but it was still higher than that in group CK. The optimum concentration of vitamin C was 1 g/kg., and the sensitivity of vitamin C in Chinese cabbage plants was greater than that of radish. Fertilizer application could improve the total amount of free amino acids in cabbage and radish. The production of soluble protein, and the higher the concentration of fertilizer, the more obvious the promotion effect. Further, the nutritional quality of vegetables is further improved. When the fertilizer concentration is low, the nutrient content in the vegetable is slightly higher than that in the CK group. The nutritional quality of.2 vegetables is compared with the influence degree of fertilizer. The nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage is influenced by the fertilizer effect. Compared with the larger.4 index, the variation of soluble protein was the greatest, followed by the effect of photosynthetic pigment, total free amino acid and vitamin C. on the growth of plants in different concentrations of Pb~ (2+), Cd~ (2+) contaminated soil, and analyzed the heavy metal Pb~ (2+), Cd~ (2+) in the soil - Plant system migration. Analysis of plant root tolerance index (RTI) and transfer coefficient (TF). The results showed that Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) pollution inhibited the growth of plant roots. The content of Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) in the aboveground and underground parts of the plant was measured, and the results showed that the content of Pb~ (2+) and 2+ in the underground part (root) was significantly higher than that on the ground. In the case of Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) pollution, the use of fertilizer promoted the absorption of Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) by plant roots. With the increase of fertilizer concentration, Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) did not significantly inhibit the growth of plant roots. Fertilizer application promoted the growth of the upper part of the plant. High. No matter whether heavy metal Pb~ (2+) and Cd~ (2+) pollution, fertilizer application on vegetable roots absorption of heavy metals have different degrees of promotion; when the concentration of fertilizer is 3 g/kg, the promotion effect is most significant. The heavy metal content in the soil is relatively low, and the heavy metal content in the soil overall presents the trend of the middle layer (6 cm underground) in the upper layer (underground 3 cm) lower (underground 9 cm). It provides an economical and effective fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X173

【相似文献】