国际战略博弈中的武器出口研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 17:25

本文关键词：国际战略博弈中的武器出口研究　出处：《中共中央党校》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：武器出口是一种重要的国际政治现象,在国际战略博弈中发挥着特殊的作用。作为一种特殊的国际贸易活动,武器出口能够给出口国家带来丰厚的经济收益,但它的作用远远不限于经济。武器出口是一种特殊的战略手段,始终服从于国家整体利益和战略目的,作用于地缘政治和国际关系,在不同层面的国际战略博弈中纵横捭阖,影响着出口国与进口国、其他相关国家乃至全球大国间关系的发展,推动着不同类别国家利益和战略目标的实现。随着时代的变迁,以及武器出口本身内容、形式和范围的不断发展,武器出口在国家特别是大国对外战略中的作用日益凸显。当前,和平与发展仍然是时代主题,国际力量对比朝着有利于维护世界和平方向发展,保持国际形势总体稳定具备更多有利条件。但世界仍然很不安宁,全球发展不平衡加剧,局部动荡频繁发生,传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁交织。因此,武器装备在世界很多地方仍然有着巨大的需求,武器出口与进口仍然是国际战略博弈中的一个重要手段和重要现象。对之加以研究,无论从学术还是现实来说,都成为紧迫的需要。武器出口涉及多个学科门类和研究领域,国内外已有不少研究武器出口的学术成果,但从国际战略博弈的角度,整体性研究武器出口问题,考察其在国际战略博弈中的作用,就国内而言,还较少有人涉猎。本文试图从出口国角度构建一个研究武器出口及其战略运用的框架体系,对武器出口本身、武器出口的国际环境、影响武器出口的国内因素等等进行考察分析,并对中国的武器出口进行专门研究,以期用国际战略博弈的视野,梳理清楚世界武器出口的状况、特点、特别是在国际战略博弈中的作用,为我国自身做好武器出口工作提供一些参考和建议。本文除绪论外,正文包括四部分共六章内容。绪论部分主要说明本文的选题原因和研究意义,系统梳理从态势、经贸、政策、历史、数据统计以及对台军售等角度研究武器出口的国内外主要观点,简要说明本文研究武器出口及其战略运用的主要方法,并说明本文在选题、研究角度、研究内容和研究方法方面的创新以及研究中的难点。第一部分是武器出口的基本理论,具体包括第一章和第二章。第一章“武器出口及在国家战略博弈中的功能作用”,主要研究武器出口在当前国际战略博弈中是一种什么样的对外战略手段,即分析国际战略博弈的时代特征、分析模型和手段要求,武器出口的战略定位及其作为战略手段的特点,厘清武器出口与军事援助、裁军军控等相关概念的联系和区别,归纳武器出口在实现国家利益特别是安全利益过程中的政治外交、经济贸易、军事安全和文化等战略功能,并从历史的视角探讨不同阶段武器出口在国际战略博弈中的运用。第二章“国家实力与武器出口的互动影响”,主要研究武器出口与国家实力的双向互动问题,重点研究国家政治、外交、经济和军事等实力要素与武器出口既相互促进又相互制约的紧密关系,分析国家实力对武器出口政策、战略和竞争力的影响,并探讨武器出口对国家实力的促进作用和负面影响。第二部分是武器出口的外部环境,具体包括第三章和第四章。第三章“武器出口的国际态势及其发展”,主要研究各国开展武器出口竞争和战略运用的国际环境,重点分析新世纪世界武器出口在规模、市场分布、出口国和出口形式等方面呈现出的基本特征,分析武器出口态势对各国武器出口带来的推动作用和负面影响,从更宽广的视角研究推动武器出口态势演变的国际环境和进出口国政策等因素,并以中国周边地区为重点研究美俄两个出口大国的武器出口博弈。第四章“武器出口国际法规及其战略运用”,主要研究武器出口的国际规范,这是各国开展武器出口竞争和战略运用的制度环境或软环境。重点总结梳理国际社会在全球、地区和专门领域建立起来的武器出口法规体系,分析国际法规对各国武器出口国内立法、决策、竞争力、运用效果等的影响,并探讨当前落实武器出口国际法规面临的主要机遇和挑战。本章还对联合国《武器贸易条约》进行专门的案例研究,以剖析该条约在形成过程中中所反映出的各主要国家或地区的战略博弈。第三部分研究主要国家的武器出口政策。武器出口政策是国家对外战略、国际战略博弈对武器出口要求的具体体现,也是运用武器出口开展国际战略博弈的重要指导。长期以来,美国和俄罗斯(前苏联)一直是世界上最大的武器出口国,美国比较成功地运用了武器出口以实现国家对外战略目标。前苏联的武器出口政治性非常明显。俄罗斯武器出口具有很强的经济动因,但随着其国际战略的演化,武器出口在俄罗斯恢复大国地位和实现全球影响方面的战略功能得到更多重视和发挥。日本是世界经济技术强国,具有强大的军工生产能力,武器出口三原则的修改有可能释放日本武器出口的巨大潜力。本章即第五章“世界主要国家的武器出口政策”主要研究美国、俄罗斯和日本的武器出口政策,在此基础上总结梳理美、俄、英、法、德等主要出口国相关政策的共同特点,以清晰勾勒出当前武器出口政策的特点和趋势。第四部分即第六章“中国的武器出口及其战略运用”,首先从历史发展的维度回顾武器出口在维护新生共和国安全、开展反霸斗争、支持世界民族解放运动、营造有利安全环境等方面发挥的重要作用,着重分析新形势下国家安全利益需求拓展、国家实力增强和对外战略调整给中国武器出口发展带来的良好机遇,同时研究战略统筹、管理机制建设和竞争环境变化给中国武器出口带来的挑战,并通过对中国武器出口现状、作用和问题的分析,对未来中国武器出口如何稳步发展、国家如何统筹规划、促进和管控武器出口问题、如何积极发挥武器出口在国际战略博弈中的作用提出有针对性的对策建议。
[Abstract]:The export of weapons is an important international political phenomenon and plays a special role in the international strategic game. As a special kind of international trade activity, the export of weapons can bring rich economic benefits to the exporting countries, but its role is far from the economy. The export of weapons is a special kind of strategy, always subject to the country's overall interests and strategic objectives in geopolitics and international relations, international strategy in perpendicular and horizontal different aspects of the game, affects the development of exporting and importing countries and other relevant countries and around the world in the relationship between promoting implementation of different categories of countries interests and strategic objectives. With the change of the times and the continuous development of the content, form and scope of arms exports, the role of arms exports in countries, especially big powers, is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, peace and development remain the theme of the times. The comparison of international power is favorable for maintaining the direction of world peace and maintaining the overall stability of the international situation. But the world is still unquiet, the global development imbalance is intensifying, local turbulence is frequent, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intertwined. Therefore, weapons and equipment are still in great demand in many parts of the world, and arms exports and imports are still important means and important phenomena in the international strategic game. It is an urgent need to study it both academically and realistically. The export of weapons involving multiple disciplines and research areas, there have been many studies on arms exports of academic achievements, but from the perspective of the game of international strategy, integrated research on arms export problem, study in the international strategy in the game, at home, less people read. This paper attempts to construct a research framework of strategic arms exports and use system from the exporter's perspective on the export of weapons itself, influence of international environment, the export of weapons weapons exports from the domestic factors and so on were studied, and the China arms exports for specialized research, in order to use international strategic game view, sort out the world of weapons the export situation and characteristics, especially in the international strategic game role, provide some references and suggestions for China's arms exports do work. In addition to the introduction, the text includes six chapters in four parts. The introduction part mainly explains the reasons and significance of the research, systematic research from the situation, the export of weapons trade, policy, history, statistics and arms sales to Taiwan angle both at home and abroad, a brief description of the main methods of this research and strategic use of arms exports, and explain the difficulties in this paper topic, research perspective, the research content and methods of innovation and research in. The first part is the basic theory of the export of weapons, including the first and the second chapters. The first chapter "the export of weapons and in the national strategy in the game, the main function of" Research on arms exports is a kind of what kind of foreign strategy in the current international strategy game, namely the analysis of the characteristics of the times, the international strategic game analysis model and method, the strategic positioning of arms exports and its characteristics as a strategic means of contact to clarify the difference and export of weapons and military aid, arms control and disarmament and other related concepts, summarized in the export of weapons to realize national interests especially the security interests in the process of political diplomacy, economy and trade, military security and the strategic function, and to explore the use of different stages of arms exports in the international strategy in the game from the historical perspective. The second chapter "the interaction" of national strength and the export of weapons, interdynamic main research arms exports and national strength, national emphasis on political and diplomatic, economic and military strength elements and arms exports to both promote each other closely related and mutually restrict, influence of national strength of arms export policy, strategy and competitiveness, and to explore the positive and negative influence on the export of weapons of national strength. The second part is the external environment of the export of weapons, including third chapters and fourth chapters. The third chapter "the weapon exports international situation and development", mainly studies the worldwide arms export competition and strategic use of international environment, focus on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the new century world of arms exports in terms of scale, market distribution, export and export form showing the analysis brought about the situation of export to all weapons exports of weapons role and the negative influence, from a broader perspective to promote the evolution of arms export situation of international environment and the import and export policies and other factors, and to the surrounding area China game focuses on arms exports as the two export power. The fourth chapter, "international regulations and strategic application of arms exports", mainly studies international norms of arms exports, which is the institutional environment or soft environment for all countries to carry out arms export competition and strategic application. Summarize the arms export regulations system combing international society established in global and regional and specialized fields, analysis of the influence of international laws and regulations on national arms export competitiveness, domestic legislation, decision-making, and application effect, and discuss the current implementation of international arms export regulations facing major challenges and opportunities. This chapter also conducts a special case study of the United Nations arms trade treaty to analyze the strategic game of major countries or regions reflected in the formation of the treaty. The third part studies the policy of weapon export in the main countries. The arms export policy is the specific embodiment of the national foreign strategy and the international strategy game for the export of weapons, and is also an important guide to carry out the international strategic game with arms exports. For a long time, the United States and Russia (the former Soviet Union) have been the largest military in the world.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426.48;F752.62

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