环境规制对中国工业集聚的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 09:31

本文关键词：环境规制对中国工业集聚的影响研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类经济活动的增加,对环境的破坏愈演愈烈,为了治理和防护本国环境污染,政府开始制定相应的环境规制政策。产业集聚能够有效促进地区经济增长,因此政府及学者也都在积极寻求促进产业集聚进一步升级的方法。目前已有部分学者认为,环境规制的存在有可能导致产业转移,因此本文试图从理论和实证的双重角度探讨环境规制对产业集聚的影响,为政策制定者提供决策参考。本文在产业集聚和环境规制的相关理论基础上,构建了环境规制与工业集聚的影响机制。认为政府提升环境规制强度,采用行政干预手段控制污染型生产要素的价格,强制征收污染型企业的污染税,促使企业以增加污染处理投资或改进生产技术的方式减少自身的污染排放。当生产成本与技术升级超出了企业的能力范围时,企业会选择采取产业转移的方式来降低环境规制给企业带来的运营压力,由此将会出现污染型产业进一步集聚,或者向环境规制较为宽松的地区转移的现象。同时,在此基础上构建理论模型。假设一个经济体内存在A,B两个地区,且拥有大量的同质厂商,同时生产清洁型产品与污染型产品。随着A地区环境规制强度的提升,A地区企业的生产运营将面临三种情况。情况一:接受生产成本的增加。当环境规制提升时,需要增加治污成本,如果企业利润?1?0,企业将会改变生产决策,出现情况二:改进生产技术,提升污染型产品的清洁程度。由于清洁型产品受环境规制的影响较小,因此为保证获利,企业需要提升企业的生产技术,以求提升污染型产品的清洁程度,此时若厂商利润?2??1,改进生产技术为企业的最优选择,若?2??1,企业将因难以承受而改变生产决策,出现情况三:企业选择产业转移,流向环境规制较为宽松的地区。从20世纪70年代起,我国开始注重环保领域的法制监督及执法能力的建设,经过多年的不懈努力,已在部分领域初见成效。工业排放污染强度逐年降低,工业“三废”的排放量得到有效控制。2003~2013年,我国工业存在明显的集聚现象,但行业整体集聚水平出现下滑,其中资本类及劳动力类行业集聚程度下滑明显。各地区行业专业化程度也有所变动,以高技术行业及劳动密集型行业为主导产业的东部地区,近些年工业整体集聚水平出现下滑;以资源类及资本类行业为主导产业的东北地区与中部地区,近些年资源类行业集聚程度有所提升,其中中部地区的技术类行业集聚水平也有所提升;以资源类行业为主导产业的西部地区,近些年区域内资源类行业的集聚水平出现进一步提升。基于我国的现实情况,以本文构建的环境规制对产业集聚影响机制分析为前提,采用实证分析的方式验证环境规制对我国工业集聚的影响。考虑到随着时间的推移,我国各地区的经济发展水平以及工业排放污染强度都将有所变化,因此借鉴门槛面板模型,构建不同经济发展水平以及不同工业排放污染强度下,环境规制对我国31个省份工业集聚的门槛面板数据模型。根据模型结果分析可知,受经济发展水平与工业排放污染强度不同的影响,环境规制对工业集聚的作用并不一致。当人均生产总值小于0.875万元时,环境规制的提升将会促进地区工业的集聚。当人均地方生产总值超过0.875万元而低于6.739万元时,环境规制的提升将会促使地区工业分散,当地区人均生产总值超过6.739万元时,环境规制的提升会进一步促使地区工业加速分散。参考工业排放污染强度,当工业排放污染程度低于3.843时,环境规制的提升将会促使工业集聚的分散。当工业排放污染程度大于3.843时,环境规制的提升将会促使工业集聚程度进一步增加。由此可将环境规制对产业集聚的影响背景划分为四种状态,分别是高经济发展水平与低污染兼具状态,中经济发展水平与低污染兼具状态,中经济发展水平与高污染兼具状态以及低经济发展水平与高污染兼具状态。目前我国北京、天津、上海、江苏和浙江处于高经济发展水平与低污染兼具状态,这些地区环境规制的提升将会导致本地区产业分散。内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、福建、山东、河南、湖北、广东、重庆、四川、西藏和陕西处于中经济发展水平与低污染兼具状态,这些地区本地区环境规制的提升将会导致本地区产业分散,但产业分散速度慢于北京、天津、上海、江苏和浙江地区。河北、山西、江西、广西、海南、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆处于中经济发展水平与高污染兼具状态,这些地区环境规制的提升对本地区产业集聚的影响要因本地区经济发展水平的增速和地区污染程度而定。若本地区经济发展水平进一步提升,地区污染程度趋于好转,环境规制的提升将会导致本地区产业集聚程度的下降,若经济发展水平停滞不前,地区污染程度出现恶化,环境规制的提升将会提升本地区的产业集聚程度。由此根据上文的理论与实证分析结果,结合目前我国的现实情况,提出推行差异化环境规制以加快工业集聚的形成和升级;合理对欠发达地区进行政策扶持以促进生态环境改善,创造有利于集聚的工业发展环境以缓和环境规制的产业分散压力的政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the increase of human economic activity, more damage to the environment, in order to control and protection of national environmental pollution, the government began to develop environmental policies accordingly. Industrial agglomeration can promote regional economic growth, so the government and scholars are also actively seeking to promote the further escalation of the industrial agglomeration method. At present some scholars believe that the environment the existence of regulation may lead to the transfer of industries, so this paper attempts from the theoretical and empirical aspects of environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration, provide decision-making reference for policy making. The relevant theoretical basis on industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation, construction of the influence mechanism of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration. That the government improve the strength of environmental regulation, the use of administrative intervention to control pollution factor of production price, the imposition of polluting enterprises pollution tax, Encourage enterprises to increase investment in pollution treatment or the improvement of production technology to reduce pollution emissions itself. When the cost of production and technology upgrades beyond the scope of the ability of enterprises, enterprises will choose to take the transfer of industry to reduce environmental regulation brings to the enterprise operating pressure, which will be further polluting industries agglomeration, transfer or to the environmental regulation more relaxed areas. At the same time, on the basis of constructing the theoretical model. The existence of A hypothesis in an economy, B two area, and has a large number of homogeneous manufacturers, simultaneous production of cleaning products and pollution products. With the strength of environmental regulation of A regions to improve the production and operation of the company, A will face three cases. One case: accept the increase of production cost. When the environmental regulation increases, the need to increase the cost of pollution, if the enterprise profits? 1? 0, the enterprise will change life Situation two: production decision, improve production technology, improve the cleanliness of polluting products. Due to the small effect of cleaning products by environmental regulation, so as to guarantee profits, companies need to improve production technology, in order to enhance the degree of pollution cleaning products, if the manufacturers profit 2??? 1, improvement of production the optimal choice of technology for the enterprise, if 2??? 1, the enterprise will change due to unsustainable production decisions, appear three: choice of enterprise industrial transfer, to environmental regulation more relaxed area. From 1970s onwards, China began to pay attention to the construction of legal supervision in the field of environmental protection and law enforcement capacity, after years of unremitting efforts in some areas has achieved initial success. Industrial pollution emissions intensity decreased year by year, industrial "three wastes" emissions has been effectively controlled in.2003~2013, the industry of our country exists obvious phenomenon of agglomeration, but the whole industry Body concentration level decline, including capital and labor industry agglomeration level fell significantly. The industry specialization also changes, with high technology industries and labor-intensive industries as the leading industry in the eastern region, in recent years the overall decline in industrial agglomeration level; in resource and capital industry in Northeast leading industry and the central region, in recent years the resources sector has improved the degree of agglomeration, the agglomeration level of the technology industry in the central region is improved; in the resources sector, as the leading industry of the western region in recent years, the agglomeration level of regional resources industries appear to further improve. Based on the reality of our country, with the construction of environmental regulation the influence of industry agglomeration mechanism analysis foundation, using empirical analysis verify the impact of environmental regulation on China's industrial agglomeration into consideration. With the passage of time, the area of our country's level of economic development and industrial pollution emissions intensity will change, so the reference panel threshold model, construct the different level of economic development and different industrial pollution emissions intensity, environmental regulation of China's 31 provinces industrial agglomeration threshold panel data model. Based on the analysis of the model results. Affected by the level of economic development and industrial pollution emissions intensity is different, the environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration effect is not consistent. When the per capita GDP of less than 8 thousand and 750 yuan, enhance environmental regulation will promote industrial agglomeration area. When the per capita local GDP of more than 8 thousand and 750 yuan and less than 67 thousand and 390 yuan, the promotion will promote environmental regulation industrial area when dispersed, the per capita GDP of more than 67 thousand and 390 yuan, the promotion of environmental regulation will further encourage the acceleration of industrial area branch The intensity of emission dispersion. When the reference industry, industrial pollution degree is lower than 3.843, the environmental regulation improvement will promote decentralized industrial agglomeration. When the discharge of industrial pollution is greater than 3.843, environmental regulation will promote to enhance the degree of industrial concentration further increased. The impact of environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration in the background is divided into four kinds the state, are both high level of economic development and low pollution, both state level economic development and low pollution, the level of economic development and high pollution both state and low level of economic development and has high pollution. At present in China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are both high level of economic development and state low pollution, environmental regulation in these areas will lead to improvement of local industry. Liaoning, Jilin distributed in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, lake. North, Guangdong, Chongqing, Sichuan, Tibet and Shaanxi are both state level economic development and low pollution, local environmental regulation in these areas will lead to upgrade local industrial dispersion, but slow industry is scattered in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang area. Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan. Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang in both state level economic development and high pollution, the impact of environmental regulation in these areas to enhance the local industrial agglomeration to depend on the growth rate and area pollution level of economic development in the region. If the level of economic development in the region to further enhance the degree of pollution to area improvement of environmental regulation will lead to a decline in the region to enhance the degree of industrial agglomeration, if the level of economic development stagnated, area pollution worsen, improve environmental regulation will increase The local industrial agglomeration degree. According to the theoretical and empirical analysis of the above results, combine with the present situation of our country, put forward the implementation of differentiated environmental regulation to accelerate industrial agglomeration formation and upgrading; reasonable for underdeveloped areas of policy support to promote the improvement of ecological environment, create a conducive to ease the environmental regulation of agglomeration the industrial development environment of the industrial pressure distribution policy recommendations.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F424;X22

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