子女数量、子女社会经济地位对中老年人幸福感的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 21:21

本文关键词：子女数量、子女社会经济地位对中老年人幸福感的影响研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国人口老龄化进程的加快和老年人口预期寿命的不断延长,老年人的生命质量更加受到关注。中年人即要承担赡养父母的责任,又要为子女提供各种支持,肩负着双重压力,其生命质量也备受关注。自评幸福度是衡量生命质量的重要指标,它不仅是人们物质生活水平的体现,也是其精神生活满足的反映。我国历来就有"养儿防老" "多子多福"的观念,传统观念认为父母的养老保障和幸福度与子女数目呈正相关关系,子女数量越多,父母养老越有保障,幸福度也越高。然而又研究证明,多子未必多福,子女的受教育程度而非子女的数量对提高农村老人的生命质量有积极的影响作用。本研究使用2013年中国老年人健康与养老追踪数据(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS),从子女数量和子女社会经济地位的视角来分析其对中老年人的自评幸福度的影响。自评幸福度由生活满意度和抑郁程度两部分组成,子女的社会经济地位由子女的受教育程度、年收入水平和职业类型三个指标来衡量。本研究采用定量研究和定性研究结合的方法。定量研究使用分层线性模型,从个体、家庭和社区三个层面出发,分析子女数量和子女社会经济地位对中老年人自评幸福度的影响。在定性方法上:围绕子女数量和子女社会经济地位对中老年人幸福感影响的相关主题,深入访谈了东中西部地区的7位中老年人。研究发现:1、子女数量对中年人和老年人的生活满意度的影响是不同的。在控制个体的人口和社会变量、健康状况以及家户层面社区层面变量情况下,如,年龄、家户消费水平、当地经济发展水平。子女数量与中年人的生活满意度有显著负相关关系,但是子女数量对老年人生活满意度不具有显著影响。2、子女社会经济地位是影响中老年人自评幸福度的重要因素。子女的年收入水平对男性中老年人的生活满意度和抑郁程度均有显著影响,子女的年收入水平对男性抑郁程度的影响高于女性;子女的受教育程度与中老年人生活满意度呈正相关关系,但在控制了家户层面和社区层面的变量后影响就不再显著,但子女的受教育程度能显著降低中老年人的抑郁程度;子女的职业类型对城市中年人的生活满意度和城市老年人的抑郁程度均有显著影响。3、子女数量与子女社会经济地位对老年人的生活满意度和中年人的抑郁程度的影响均有替代效应。4、从定性访谈中得出:传统"多子多福"观念在老年人的观念中已经弱化,而多子女会明显降低中年人的生活满意度。老年人的幸福感很大程度上来源于他人对子女的积极评价以及与同龄人群子女的对比优势;中年人的幸福感来源于子女在学业和事业上的成就。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the aging process and the continuous extension of the life expectancy of the elderly population, the quality of life of the elderly is more and more concerned. Middle-aged people should bear the responsibility of supporting their parents. The self-evaluation of happiness is an important index to measure the quality of life, it is not only the embodiment of people's material life level. It is also a reflection of the satisfaction of its spiritual life. Our country has always had the concept of "raising children and preventing old age" and "having more children and more happiness". The traditional idea is that the old-age security and the degree of happiness of parents are positively related to the number of children. The greater the number of children, the more secure their parents are and the higher their happiness. However, studies have shown that having more children is not necessarily more fortunate. The educational level of children, rather than the number of children, has a positive effect on improving the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas. China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CHARLSU, from the perspective of the number of children and the social and economic status of the children, to analyze its impact on the middle-aged and elderly self-rated happiness, which consists of two parts: life satisfaction and depression. The social and economic status of children is measured by their education level, annual income level and occupation type. This study adopts the combination of quantitative research and qualitative research. The quantitative study uses hierarchical linear model. From the individual, family and community three levels. This paper analyzes the influence of the number of children and the social and economic status of children on the self-evaluation happiness of middle-aged and old people. In qualitative methods, it focuses on the related themes of the number of children and the social and economic status of children to the well-being of middle-aged and old people. The study found that the number of children has different effects on the life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly people, and controls the population and social variables of individuals. Health status and community level variables such as age, household consumption level, local economic development level, the number of children and middle-aged people's life satisfaction has a significant negative correlation. However, the number of children has no significant impact on the elderly life satisfaction. 2. The social and economic status of children is an important factor affecting the self-evaluation happiness of middle-aged and old people. The annual income of children has a significant impact on the life satisfaction and depression degree of male middle-aged and old people. The effect of annual income of children on the degree of depression in men was higher than that in women. The educational level of children is positively correlated with the life satisfaction of middle-aged and old people, but the influence is no longer significant after controlling the variables at the household level and community level. However, the educational level of the children can significantly reduce the depression degree of the middle-aged and the elderly; The occupational type of children has significant influence on life satisfaction of middle-aged people in urban areas and depression degree of urban elderly people. The number of children and the social and economic status of the children had a substitution effect on the life satisfaction of the elderly and the depression degree of the middle-aged. From the qualitative interviews, it is concluded that the traditional concept of "more children and more happiness" has been weakened in the concept of the elderly. The happiness of the elderly comes from the positive evaluation of the children and the comparative advantage with the children of the same age. The happiness of middle-aged people comes from their children's academic and career achievements.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D913;C913.6

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