国际私法上经常居所地的认定

发布时间：2018-05-03 04:02

本文选题：经常居所地 + 属人法　；参考：《中国政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：经常居所地作为属人法的新兴连结点,最早出现于海牙国际私法会议制定的公约。经海牙国际私法会议的提倡,经常居所地逐渐被各国国内法引入,部分替代国籍国或者住所地法,成为新的属人法连结点,并运用于合同、侵权等属人法之外的领域。但如何对其进行认定,国际条约中没有规定统一的标准,各国立法和实践也不尽相同。通过对其发展历史、运用情况、各国认定实践进行考察和梳理,明确经常居所地作为属人法连结点的地位,以及对其准确界定的重要性,参考各国立法和实践确定的认定标准,结合我国立法和司法实践,发现其中存在的问题,针对性得提出改善建议。文章主要运用历史研究、比较研究和案例研究的方法。通过梳理属人法的认定历史,明确经常居所地产生的背景和意义。继而通过比较海牙国际私法会议制定的公约和欧盟国际私法条例、英美法系和大陆法系各国国内立法中经常居所地的运用情况,对经常居所地作为属人法连结点的地位和重要性形成清晰的认识。海牙国际私法会议制定的部分公约在实施过程中,部分成员国积累了丰富的司法实践,尤其是《儿童诱拐公约》成员国对儿童经常居所地的界定实践丰富,不同国家的界定标准不同。欧盟条例也类似,相关实践也主要集中于婚姻家庭领域。除了对条约适用实践进行对比介绍,英美法系国家有关经常居所地的认定也体现在司法实践中,通过分析不同的司法案例,进而总结出各国认定经常居所地的标准和考量因素。文章第一章是对属人法认定历史的梳理和经常居所地运用情况的考察,通过对属人法连结点的历史沿革和海牙国际私法会议制定的公约、欧盟国际私法条约、各国国内立法中涉及经常居所地作为连结点的条款进行介绍,明晰了经常居所地作为属人法连结点的起源和发展,以及在国际条约和各国国内法中的运用情况。第二章以比较法的视角分析经常居所地的认定,从国际公约的实施到各国国内的立法和实践,展现了经常居所地的认定标准,特别考虑了儿童经常居所地的界定,从海牙《儿童诱拐公约》的实践中可看出与成人经常居所地界定的不同。除此之外,大陆法系和英美法系国家在界定这一概念时也有些许不同。第三章立足于我国关于经常居所地认定的立法和司法实践,主要介绍了我国属人法连结点的历史沿革,以及经常居所地在现行立法中作为连结点的地位,并围绕现行法律和司法解释有关经常居所地的规定在实践中的适用情况展开讨论,以两个案例展现了准确适用相关规定的重要性。第四章结合其他国家界定经常居所地的立法和实践,针对我国立法和司法实践中认定经常居所地存在的问题,提出了相应的建议,特别说明了单独确立儿童经常居所地的认定标准的重要性。
[Abstract]:As a new link of personal law, the place of habitual residence first appeared in the convention made by the Hague Conference on Private International Law. As advocated by the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the place of permanent residence is gradually introduced into the domestic law of various countries, partly replacing the law of nationality or domicile, becoming a new personal law link point, and applied to areas other than personal law, such as contract, tort, and so on. However, there are no uniform standards in international treaties and different countries have different legislation and practice. Through investigating and combing its developing history and application, the author clarifies the status of the place of regular residence as the connecting point of personal law, and the importance of defining it accurately, and makes reference to the standards of identification determined by the legislation and practice of various countries. Combined with our country's legislation and judicial practice, we find out the existing problems and put forward some suggestions for improvement. This paper mainly uses the methods of historical research, comparative study and case study. By combing the history of personal law, the background and significance of the place of regular residence are clarified. Then, by comparing the conventions formulated by the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the regulations of the European Union on private international law, and comparing the use of regular residence in the domestic legislation of countries in the common law system and the civil law system, A clear understanding of the status and importance of the place of habitual residence as a connecting point of personal law is established. During the implementation of some conventions formulated by the Hague Conference on Private International Law, some member States have accumulated rich judicial practice, especially in the definition of the place of regular residence of children by the States members of the Convention on Child Abduction. Different countries have different standards of definition. EU regulations are similar, and the practice is mainly focused on marriage and family. In addition to the comparative introduction of treaty application practice, the common law countries in the recognition of the place of habitual residence is also reflected in judicial practice, through the analysis of different judicial cases, and then summed up the standards and considerations of countries to determine the place of habitual residence. The first chapter is a review of the history of personal law identification and the application of the permanent residence. Through the historical evolution of the personal law link point and the conventions formulated by the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the European Union's private international law treaties. The article about the place of regular residence as the connecting point in the domestic legislation of various countries introduces the origin and development of the place of habitual residence as the connection point of personal law and its application in international treaties and the domestic laws of various countries. The second chapter analyzes the recognition of the place of habitual residence from the perspective of comparative law. From the implementation of international conventions to the domestic legislation and practice of various countries, it shows the criteria of determining the place of habitual residence, especially considering the definition of the place of habitual residence of children. From the practice of the Hague Convention on Child Abduction, we can see the difference between the definition of the place of habitual residence of adults. In addition, there are some differences in the definition of this concept between the civil law system and the common law system. The third chapter is based on the legislation and judicial practice on the recognition of the place of habitual residence in China. It mainly introduces the historical evolution of the personal law link point in our country and the status of the place of regular residence as the link point in the current legislation. It also discusses the application of the current law and judicial interpretation of the provisions of the place of habitual residence in practice, showing the importance of applying the relevant provisions accurately in two cases. The fourth chapter combined with other countries to define the legislation and practice of the place of habitual residence, in view of the legislation and judicial practice in China to identify the existing problems of the place of habitual residence, put forward the corresponding recommendations. In particular, the importance of establishing separate criteria for the identification of a child's regular place of residence is highlighted.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997

【参考文献】