欧洲难民危机的原因及影响

发布时间：2018-05-04 14:49

本文选题：欧洲 + 难民　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：难民问题是当代国际关系的热点和难点问题,欧洲难民问题是世界难民问题的重要组成部分。2015年爆发的欧洲难民危机,是二战结束以来欧洲遭遇的规模最大和最严重的难民危机。这场危机的起因错综复杂,不仅有欧洲和美俄方面的因素,也有西亚北非方面的因素。危机的产生与持续发酵对欧洲国家、欧盟和国际社会都产生了深远的影响。欧洲难民问题有其历史发展过程。从欧洲资产阶级革命时期到现在,欧洲既是历史上主要的移民输出地,也是当今接收和安置难民最多的地区之一。2015年以来,来自西亚北非地区的数以百万计的难民持续涌向欧洲,欧洲迎来一股突如其来的难民大潮。这股难民潮使欧洲难民问题持续发酵并演变为欧洲难民危机。根据联合国难民署统计的数据显示,2015年大约有150万难民进入欧洲境内寻求庇护,2016年前5个月,就有20.4万难民跨越地中海进入欧洲境内,截止2016年9月末,已有超过50万难民通过地中海进入欧洲。欧洲难民危机的产生有其复杂而深刻的原因,主要有欧洲因素、西亚北非因素和美俄因素。在欧洲因素方面,既有欧洲国家插手西亚北非事务引起该地区政局持续动荡,又有欧洲国家良好的经济福利条件吸引难民,既有欧洲与西亚北非地理位置邻近,又有欧国国家对欧盟的难民政策执行标准不同;在西亚北非因素方面,既有西亚北非地区本身动荡不安、贫穷落后,又有非法人口组织对难民的宣传和输送;在美俄因素方面,既有美国干涉西亚北非事务导致动荡,又有美俄长期在西亚北非地区博弈和较量。可以说欧洲难民危机的产生是各种因素综合作用的结果。欧洲难民危机的产生不仅给欧洲国家带来了前所未有的冲击和挑战,也对欧盟内部的团结、欧洲一体化的进程乃至国际社会造成了不小的影响。在欧洲国家的维度上,欧洲难民危机对欧洲国家的经济、政治、文化、社会和国际关系方面产生了巨大的影响;在欧盟的维度上,欧洲难民危机影响欧盟内部的整体团结,加快英国脱欧的进程,影响欧盟在国际舞台上的良好道德形象;在国际社会的维度上,欧洲难民危机引发了国际社会对难民问题的关注,同时,欧洲难民危机的加剧也使全球范围内的极端恐怖袭击事件频频发生,促使世界各国加强在非传统安全方面的合作,共同打击极端恐怖势力。总之,欧洲难民危机对欧洲国家、欧盟、国际社会产生的影响是巨大和深远的。面对大量难民的持续涌入,欧洲国家及欧盟采取了一揽子举措来应对。但是从目前来看,西亚北非地区的战乱和冲突没有减缓的趋势,涌向欧洲难民的数量将会持续攀升。而且在欧洲难民危机面前,欧洲各国之间至今仍未达成协调一致的接纳和安置难民的方案。所以,近期缓解欧洲难民危机的前景仍不乐观。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem is a hot and difficult problem in contemporary international relations. The European refugee problem is an important part of the world refugee problem. The European refugee crisis broke out in 2015. It is the largest and worst refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II. The causes of the crisis are complex, not only in Europe and the United States and Russia, but also in West Asia and North Africa. The emergence and continuous fermentation of the crisis has had a profound impact on European countries, the European Union and the international community. The refugee problem in Europe has its history. From the time of the bourgeois revolution in Europe to the present, Europe has not only been a major exporter of immigrants in history, but also one of the largest places to receive and resettle refugees today. Millions of refugees from Western Asia and North Africa continue to flock to Europe, where a sudden wave of refugees is emerging. This wave of refugees has perpetuated Europe's refugee problem and turned it into a European refugee crisis. According to UNHCR statistics, about 1.5 million refugees sought asylum in Europe in 2015, and 204000 refugees crossed the Mediterranean Sea in the first five months of 2016, until the end of September 2016. More than 500000 refugees have entered Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. There are complex and profound reasons for the refugee crisis in Europe, mainly European factors, West Asia and North Africa factors and American and Russian factors. In terms of European factors, both the involvement of European countries in the affairs of West Asia and North Africa has caused continued political instability in the region, the favourable economic welfare conditions of European countries have attracted refugees, and the geographical proximity of Europe and West Asia and North Africa, On the other hand, some European countries have different standards of implementation of their refugee policies towards the EU; with regard to the factors in West Asia and North Africa, both the West Asia and North Africa region itself is unstable, poverty and backwardness, and illegal population organizations promoting and transporting refugees; in the case of the United States and Russia, American interference in West Asia and North Africa leads to turbulence, and the United States and Russia play games and competitions in West Asia and North Africa for a long time. It can be said that the European refugee crisis is the result of various factors. The emergence of European refugee crisis has not only brought unprecedented impact and challenge to European countries, but also exerted great influence on the unity within the European Union, the process of European integration and even the international community. In the dimension of the European countries, the European refugee crisis has had a great impact on the economic, political, cultural, social and international relations of the European countries; on the dimension of the European Union, the European refugee crisis has affected the overall unity of the European Union. Speeding up the process of Brexit has affected the good moral image of the European Union on the international stage. In the dimension of the international community, the European refugee crisis has aroused the international community's concern about the refugee problem, and at the same time, The aggravation of refugee crisis in Europe also causes the frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks in the world, which urges all countries in the world to strengthen cooperation in non-traditional security and jointly crack down on extremist terrorist forces. In short, the impact of the European refugee crisis on European countries, the European Union, and the international community is enormous and far-reaching. European countries and the European Union have taken a package of measures to cope with the continuing influx of refugees. But for now, the war and conflict in West Asia and North Africa have not slowed down, and the number of refugees heading to Europe will continue to rise. And in the face of the European refugee crisis, European countries have yet to reach a coordinated program to host and resettle refugees. So the prospects for easing Europe's refugee crisis in the near future remain bleak.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.6

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