我国农用地土壤污染防治的法律制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-12-19 07:56

【摘要】：随着工业化、现代化、城市化的不断发展,我国经济的整体状况有了非常大的进步,但由此而带来的污染问题,尤其是农用地土壤污染问题也日趋严重。目前,我国农用地的污染主要在于农业面源污染,固体废物、废水施入农田所造成的上游(源头)污染。由于农用土地相较于城市用地、滩涂等地而言有其特殊性,农用地的治理难度更大,一旦造成污染可逆性极差等问题,非常容易引发粮食产量和质量的下降,导致整个食物链污染和居民健康程度的下降,危及整个国民经济的发展。这就促使我们必须正视目前农用地土壤污染问题,分析我国农用地污染的原因,理清土壤污染防治与现有环境治理之间的关系,进而补充现有法律体系的漏洞,对农用地土壤污染进行全面治理。目前,我国农用地土壤污染的原因是多方面的,但主要问题在于我国缺乏完善的农用地土壤污染立法体系、现有农用地土壤环境监测制度不能有效发挥其作用、落后的土壤环境分级管理制度、不合理的使用农药和化肥等。对此,我国虽然存在一些环境治理层面的立法,但没有形成系统的法律体系,加之农用地土壤污染的防治与现有环境治理之间并不能进行无缝连接,导致我国农用地土壤污染防治难度大大增加。此外,相关配套制度的不完善、政府的监管不力等诸多因素也是该问题产生的原因。因此,为解决农用地土壤污染问题,我国需要根据实际情况建立农用地土壤污染防治的专门制度、建立相应的农业补贴机制、建立其他配套制度等。此外,地方政府还应依据我国近期颁布的《土壤污染防治行动计划》详细制定各地的相关法规、规章,同时还需要借鉴国外经验,综合防治。本文通过对我国农用地污染原因、现存管理制度及立法的缺陷、发达国家的经验借鉴以及我国未来农用土地防治制度构建等方面的分析,提出了一些针对性建议与对策,以期可以为我国农用地土壤治理有所帮助。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industrialization, modernization and urbanization, the overall economic situation of our country has made great progress, but the pollution problem, especially the pollution of agricultural land and soil, is becoming more and more serious. At present, agricultural land pollution is mainly caused by agricultural non-point pollution, solid waste, waste water applied into farmland upstream (source) pollution. Because agricultural land has its particularity compared with urban land, such as beach land, it is more difficult to manage agricultural land. Once the problem of reversibility of pollution is very poor, it is easy to lead to the decline of grain yield and quality. Lead to the whole food chain pollution and the decline of the health of residents, endangering the development of the entire national economy. This urges us to face up to the problem of soil pollution of agricultural land at present, to analyze the causes of agricultural land pollution in our country, to clarify the relationship between soil pollution prevention and control and existing environmental control, and then to supplement the loopholes of the existing legal system. To agricultural land soil pollution carries on the comprehensive control. At present, the causes of soil pollution of agricultural land in our country are various, but the main problem lies in the lack of perfect legislation system of soil pollution of agricultural land in our country, and the existing monitoring system of soil environment of agricultural land can not play its role effectively. Backward soil environmental grading management system, irrational use of pesticides and fertilizers, and so on. In view of this, although there are some legislation on environmental governance in our country, but there is no systematic legal system, in addition, there is no seamless connection between the prevention and control of soil pollution of agricultural land and the existing environmental governance. As a result, it is more difficult to prevent and control soil pollution from agricultural land in China. In addition, some factors, such as imperfect supporting system and weak government supervision, are also the causes of the problem. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of soil pollution of agricultural land, our country should establish a special system for the prevention and control of soil pollution of agricultural land according to the actual situation, establish the corresponding agricultural subsidy mechanism, and establish other supporting systems and so on. In addition, the local government should draw up the relevant laws and regulations according to the Action Plan of soil pollution Prevention recently promulgated by our country. At the same time, the local government should draw lessons from foreign experience and comprehensively prevent and cure soil pollution. Based on the analysis of the causes of agricultural land pollution in China, the defects of existing management system and legislation, the experience of developed countries and the construction of future agricultural land control system in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures. In order to help the soil management of agricultural land in China.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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