转型期中国风险社会的政府治理研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 05:14

本文关键词： 中国转型期风险社会政府　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：德国著名的风险社会理论开创者乌尔里希·贝克曾言：人类生活在文明的火山口上,整个人类社会已经进入到了世界风险社会阶段。联合国开发计划署(UNDP)最新公布的《2014年人类发展报告》也向世人发出了警告：当今世界,不安全感仍普遍存在,无论是在生计、人身安全、环境还是全球政治方面。20世纪中叶以来,人类社会逐步凸显的政治风险、经济风险、文化风险、生态风险、基因风险、核战争风险等一系列风险图景,既无数次地证明着联合国开发计划署并非危言耸听,也不断地应验着乌尔里希·贝克对世界风险社会的理论把握。在世界风险社会的宏观大背景下,当代中国社会的时代处境如何?对于这个问题,理论界主要存在两种针锋相对的观点：否定论和肯定论。否定论观点认为,我国并不具备西方风险社会理论所言的社会条件,因此不应当运用风险社会理论来分析和判定我国的社会特征。换言之,风险不是当代中国社会的典型特征,不用给予特殊的关注和处理。肯定论观点认为,我国已进入风险社会,甚至是高风险社会,风险已经成为描述和分析中国社会结构特征的重要关键词,因此应当采取风险社会理论的视角来关照和分析我国的现实社会生活,并给出应对风险社会的基本策略。本文同意肯定论的观点,即中国已经进入风险社会,应该高度关注当代中国社会的风险问题并提出应对风险问题的实践策略。在此基础上,我们提炼并论证了被肯定论学者们所忽略的“中国风险社会”的概念、内容与特征。在肯定中国步入风险社会之后,探寻它的成因或本质以及由此提出的应对策略,就成为中国风险社会的政府治理问题上的重大理论问题。关于这个问题,学界的争论更是激烈,莫衷一是。本文认为,中国风险社会的产生与形成,既有与西方经验的相通性,又具有中国社会历史发展的独特性,是中国在近代社会转型以来诸多因素合力作用的结果。简言之,“社会转型”是中国风险社会形成的根本动因。面对跟随社会转型而来的中国风险社会,中国政府的风险治理能力显然没有跟上巨变时代的步伐,不能完全适应风险社会不确定性的强势侵袭,传统的和现有的政府治理模式逐渐显示出自身的困境,其核心表现就是政府治理的失效。那么,这种治理困境应该如何解决?在我们看来,面对如此复杂且具有独特特性的转型期中国风险社会,想通过“拿来主义”走西方的政府治理之路,显然是行不通的。而正确的应对之道应该是,在吸收借鉴西方风险社会政府治理模式优点的基础上,从中国转型期的具体风险现实出发,提出一系列具有针对性的政府治理之法,走出一条中国特色的风险社会治理之路。所以,本文以历史唯物主义基本原理为基本方法,以中国特色社会主义理论体系为指导思想,在分析借鉴和综合运用西方风险社会理论、政府治理理论和社会转型期理论的基础上,提出了“中国风险社会”的理论分析框架,用以分析独具特色的中国风险社会。在确定了理论分析框架之后,我们重点阐述了中国风险社会存在的四大类型的风险景观,即利益冲突是社会风险的触发点,环境污染是生态风险的聚焦点,金融风险是经济风险的引燃点,道德失范是文化风险的凸显点,同时分析了导致这些风险现实的具体成因,主要包括机制转换是中国风险社会形成的根本原因,结构转化是中国风险社会形成的基本动力,观念转变是中国风险社会形成的重要因素。由于如此众多的风险现实的集中涌现,传统的和现有的政府治理模式逐渐显示出自身的局限性,导致了中国风险社会政府治理的诸多困境。具体说来,治理困境主要包括政府治理的政策性短板,政府治理的制度性缺陷,政府治理的结构性单一,政府治理的能力性削弱等四个方面。那么,如何解决这些问题呢?本文在借鉴西方政府治理风险社会的分权化治理模式和整体性治理模式的基础上,提出了五点应对策略：一是培育风险文化,提升风险意识；二是完善治理机制,提高治理能力；三是扩充多元主体,推进协同治理；四是转变发展理念,维护社会公平；五是参与全球治理,共抗风险世界。
[Abstract]:Germany's famous theory of risk society founder Ulrich Beck once said: human life in the civilization of the volcano, the human society has entered into the stage of the world risk society. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) released the latest human development report <2014 also issued a warning to the world ": in today's world, insecurity is still widespread, whether in life, personal safety, or the global political environment since the.20 century, the human society gradually highlights the political risk, economic risk, cultural risk, ecological risk, genetic risk, risk of nuclear war and a series of risk picture, both the countless times that the United Nations Development programme is not alarmist, constantly fulfilled a grasp of Ulrich Beck theory of the world risk society. In the context of the world risk society under the situation of modern society Chinese Era How? For this problem, there are mainly two kinds of views in theory: negative theory and positive theory. The negative views that China does not have the Western risk society theory of social conditions, so we should not use the theory of risk society to analyze and determine our social characteristics. In other words, typical characteristics the risk is not China contemporary society, do not give attention and special treatment. Positive theory point of view, China has entered a risk society, even the high risk society, risk has become an important feature of Chinese keywords description and analysis of the social structure, so we should take the theory of risk society perspective to analysis and the reality of China's society life, and gives basic strategies to deal with the risk society. This paper agrees that the theory of Chinese has entered the risk society, should pay close attention to contemporary Chinese society in the wind Insurance practice strategy and raise the risk problems. On this basis, we refine and demonstrate the concept is definitely on the neglected by the scholars "China risk society", content and features. After certain Chinese entered the risk society, explore its causes or essence and coping strategies is proposed. This has become a major the theory of government governance problems China on risk society. On this issue, the academic debate is fierce, unable to agree on which is right. This paper argues that, China risk society and the forming, similarities with the western experience, also has a unique Chinese of social and historical development, is China since the transformation of modern society together effect of many factors. In short, the "social transformation" is the fundamental cause of the formation of risk society. China facing social transformation to follow Chinese risk society, Chinese government Risk management ability is obviously not keep up with changes in the pace of the times, can not fully adapt to the invasion of strong risk social uncertainty, the traditional and existing government governance mode gradually shows its difficulties, failure is the core performance of government management. So, this kind of Governance Dilemma of how to solve them? In our opinion, in the face of Chinese risk society the transition period is so complex and has unique characteristics, to follow the western government governance by way of "doctrine", is clearly not feasible. And the right way to respond should be based on the advantages of the Western risk society governance model, starting from the specific risk China transition reality, put forward a the series has against the government governance law, out of a Chinese characteristic of risk society governance path. Therefore, based on the historical materialism basic principle as the basic The method, based on the theoretical system of China socialism as the guiding ideology, in the analysis of reference and comprehensive application of the theory of risk society, the basic theory of governance and social transition theory, put forward the "Chinese risk society" theory analysis framework to analyze the unique characteristics of the China risk society. After determining the theoretical analysis framework, we focuses on the four types of existing Chinese risk society risk landscape, conflicts of interest is the trigger point of social risks, environmental pollution is the focus of ecological risk, financial risk is the ignition point of economic risk, moral anomie is the prominent cultural risk, and analyzes the specific causes of these risks lead to reality the main mechanism is the fundamental reason China including the conversion of social risk, structure transformation is the basic motive China of social risk, the concept of change is China An important factor in the formation of risk society. Because of so many risks on the emergence of reality, traditional and existing government governance mode gradually shows its limitations, leads to many difficulties China risk society governance. Specifically, governance difficulties including policy short board governance, institutional defects of government the structural governance, single government governance, the four aspects of government governance ability weakened. So, how to solve these problems? The paper in western government governance risk social decentralized governance mode and holistic governance mode, put forward five strategies: one is to cultivate a culture of risk, improve risk awareness; the two is to improve the governance mechanism, improve governance capacity; three is the expansion of multi subject, promote collaborative governance; four is to change the concept of development, the maintenance of social justice; five Participate in global governance and fight against the world of risk.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630

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