近代留日、留美学生与清末民初社会思潮

发布时间：2018-06-01 07:54

  本文选题：留日学生 + 留美学生　； 参考：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代留日、留美学生诞生于民族危亡之际,他们或带有强烈的政治目的、或带有单纯的求学愿望,纷纷出国留学。归国后活跃于清末民初的政治舞台上,大多成为清末民初社会变革中的领军人物。他们追求真理,探索新知,反映了近代中国政治思想文化递进的特点和规律。1840年后,中国出现第一批比较完整意义上的留美学生。但由于中西学的冲突,统治者最终用权力捍卫封建文化,中途撤回留美幼童。而留美热潮始于《辛丑条约》后,美国以赔款资助中国学生留美学习,后清政府又专门成立清华学堂培养预备留美学生。留美学生以学习理工科为主,且学习成果硕果累累,归国后大多成为中国科学事业崛起的领头人。留美学生孙中山,给清末民初社会带来了资产阶级民主革命思潮和民生社会主义,还有留美特点浓厚的胡适的实验主义等。留日运动则始于甲午战争后,当时迅速走上帝国主义道路的日本,成为清政府的效仿对象,中国掀起了 一股不小的留日热潮。留日学生大部分学习文科,以法政、军事为热门专业,这也是受国内政治思想影响的结果。他们积极参加反清革命斗争,创办革命报刊,向国内宣传西方新思潮。如科学社会主义思潮、无政府主义思潮、国粹主义思潮等,都是以留日学生为载体,移植到中国。在清末民初风云涌动的社会中,留日、留美学生与他们带来的社会思潮指导着各种各样的社会改革方案,用资产阶级民主主义改造中国,资产阶级民主主义革命思潮和科学救国思潮先后指导辛亥革命和新文化运动,推翻封建君主制,使民主共和观念深入人心。五四运动前后的科学社会主义成为中国的主导思潮,中国先进分子同留学生一起苦心探索,取得了新民主主义革命的胜利,并最终实现了从新民主主义革命向社会主义革命的转变。留学生带来的社会思潮虽然各具特色,但都围绕着救亡图存、振兴中华、改造中国这一爱国主义旋律,促使中华民族走向新的觉醒。
[Abstract]:In modern times, the students of the United States were born in the national peril. They had a strong political purpose or a simple desire to study abroad. After returning to the political stage of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, most of them became the leading figures in the social changes of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. They sought truth, explored new knowledge, and reflected modern China. After.1840 years, the first batch of Chinese students in the United States appeared in a relatively complete sense. However, due to the conflict between Chinese and Western learning, the rulers finally used the power to defend the feudal culture and withdrew the young children. The government also set up the Tsinghua School to train the students to stay in the United States. The students left the United States to study science and engineering, and the achievements were fruitful. After returning to the country, most of them became the leader of the rise of Chinese science. Sun Zhongshan, a student of the United States, brought the bourgeois revolutionary trend of thought and the socialism of the people's livelihood to the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Shi's experimentalism, which has a strong characteristic, began in Japan after the war of 1894. Japan, which took the road of imperialism quickly, became the object of the Qing government, and China set off an upsurge of staying in Japan. They actively participated in the anti Qing revolutionary struggle, founded the revolutionary press, and propagandize the new western trend of thought to the country. Such as the ideological trend of scientific socialism, the anarchism and the quintessence trend of thought were all transplanted to China by the Japanese students as the carrier. In the society which surged in the late Qing Dynasty and the early and early Republic of China, the students left the United States and the society they brought with them. The trend of thought directs all kinds of social reform programs, reforms China with bourgeois democracy, the bourgeois democratic revolution and the thought of saving the country successively directs the 1911 Revolution and the new cultural movement, overthrows the feudal monarchy and makes the Democratic Republic idea deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The scientific socialism before and after the 54 movement became China. In the leading trend of thought, Chinese advanced elements have been working hard with the students of foreign students to win the victory of the new democratic revolution and finally realize the transformation from the new democratic revolution to the socialist revolution. The social trend of thought brought by the foreign students has its own characteristics, but all of them revolve around the salvation of the country, the rejuvenation of China and the transformation of China's patriotism. The melody has prompted the Chinese nation to move towards a new awakening.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K25
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本文编号：1963438