北方半干旱地区盐碱地上高丹草利用方式的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 21:15

本文关键词：北方半干旱地区盐碱地上高丹草利用方式的应用研究　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一直以来,我国北方半干旱地区的自然环境恶劣制约着农牧业的发展,尤其土壤盐渍化更为普遍和严重,使得农牧业生产得不到保障。为了满足北方半干旱盐碱地区农牧业经济发展的需求,本研究通过对高丹草的栽培应用,一是通过栽培技术措施提高高丹草的产量,二是通过高丹草和苜蓿的混贮提高饲草料品质,三是通过犁翻压青改良盐碱地的理化性质和土壤肥力。本文研究了高丹草(Sarghum bicolor×S.sudanense)不同播种量对干草产量的影响,从2015年6月开始测定和观察了株高、生长速度、田间密度和生物量,以期探索出高产最佳栽培方式;同时对高丹草与苜蓿混贮进行了研究,试验设定了两个单贮处理(高丹草和苜蓿单贮)和3个混贮处理(分别为高丹草与苜蓿1:2、1:1、2:1混合),待6～7周后对青贮饲料的感官、营养和发酵品质进行综合评价,以期探索出高丹草与苜蓿最佳混贮模式,提高高丹草饲草利用价值;另外本文利用高丹草作为绿肥,将其茎叶粉碎翻压埋入土壤,并对压青前后的土壤指标进行分析,探索高丹草压青能否对北方半干旱盐碱地具有改良作用。其研究结果表明:(1)在北方半干旱盐碱地栽培高丹草建议播种量控制在30～37.5 kg/hm2最为适宜,播种量最好不超过37.5kg/hm2。(2)各混贮随着高丹草添加比例增加,营养成分逐渐降低,发酵品质逐渐提高,在同一发酵水平下,高丹草与苜蓿1:2混贮,营养价值最高,效果最好。(3)从压青前期到压青后期土壤中的有机质、有效磷的含量均显著增加,全盐含量明显减少,通过高丹草压青对北方盐碱地的改善具有一定的作用,长期通过高丹草绿肥压青后不仅能增加土壤的氮素、有效磷,降低土壤含盐量,增加土壤中的有机质,还可以改善土壤结构,提高耕地质量。
[Abstract]:The harsh natural environment in semi-arid areas of northern China has been restricting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, especially soil salinization is more common and serious. In order to meet the needs of agricultural and animal husbandry economic development in the northern semi-arid saline-alkali area, the cultivation and application of Gaodan grass was carried out in this study. One is to improve the yield of Gudangrass through the cultivation technology measures, the other is to improve the forage quality through the mixed storage of Gaodan grass and alfalfa. The physical and chemical properties and soil fertility of saline-alkali soil were improved by ploughing and pressing. The study was conducted on Sarghum bicolor 脳 S. sudanense. Effects of different seeding rates on Hay yield. Since June 2015, the plant height, growth rate, field density and biomass have been measured and observed in order to find out the best cultivation method for high yield. At the same time, the mixed storage of alfalfa and Gaodan grass was studied. Two single storage treatments (single storage of Gaodan grass and alfalfa) and three mixed storage treatments (1: 2: 1: 1: 1: 1 of alfalfa) were set up in the experiment. The sensory, nutrition and fermentation quality of silage were evaluated after 6 ~ 7 weeks, in order to find out the best mixed storage mode of alfalfa and to improve the utilization value of alfalfa. In addition, this paper used Gudangrass as green manure, its stems and leaves were crushed and pressed into the soil, and the soil indexes before and after green were analyzed. This paper explores whether Gordanthus chinensis can improve the semi-arid saline-alkali land in the north of China. The results of the study show that: (1). It was suggested that the optimal planting rate of Gudanthus was 30 ~ 37.5 kg/hm2 in the semi-arid saline and alkali soil of northern China. The best seeding amount was no more than 37.5 kg 路hm ~ (2. 2) 路m ~ (2) ~ (2)) with the increase of the proportion of alpine grass, the nutrient content decreased gradually, and the fermentation quality was gradually improved, at the same fermentation level. When mixed with alfalfa (1: 2), the nutrient value was the highest and the effect was the best. (3) the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and total salt in the soil increased significantly from the early stage of pressing green to the later period of green and green, and the content of total salt decreased significantly. It has certain effect on the improvement of the saline and alkali land in the north through the barking of Gaodan grass. The long-term green manure can not only increase the nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil, reduce the salt content in the soil, but also increase the organic matter in the soil. It can also improve the soil structure and improve the quality of cultivated land.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S54

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