徐州城市绿地植物多样性对景观格局的响应研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 10:09

本文关键词：徐州城市绿地植物多样性对景观格局的响应研究　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市地表景观的破坏导致生物多样性不同程度的丧失。为探讨城市植物多样性对景观格局变化的响应情况,本文以徐州市绕城高速公路内的城区为研究对象,根据研究区的景观梯度变化特征,以古彭广场为中心,在不同方向共设置36块调查样地,并采用典型样地法对每块样地的植物群落进行调查,分析徐州市绿地植物群落物种多样性特征;同时,将研究区2005年和2015年的Landsat TM遥感影像作为基础数据源,在Erdas、GIS软件的支持下,将研究区景观划分为:建筑(B)、草地(G)、林地(F)、未利用地(U)、水域(W)、道路(R)、农田(C)等7种类型,并利用Fragstats软件,分析研究区的景观格局特征;应用GIS的空间分析功能,以每块样地为中心,裁剪9个不同幅度的缓冲区,并利用Fragstats软件,提取出39个景观格局指数,利用Canoco软件中的RDA分析,探讨植物多样性对景观格局的响应特点。研究结果表明:(1)徐州城市景观组分变化以农田和未利用地面积的大幅减少以及建筑用地、林地面积的大幅增加为主要特征,优势景观类型由农田转变为建筑用地;研究区西北和东南区域的林地面积增加最多,面积减少最多的是农田;东北和西南区域的建筑用地面积增加最多,减少最多的是农田;徐州城市不断向东部和南部发展,导致东部和南部区域建筑用地、林地、草地、未利用地、水域和农田面积的年均变化率高于西部和北部区域。(2)徐州城市景观斑块的分离度及破碎化进一步增强,景观类型向较为多样化和分布的均匀性方面发展,景观要素的形状呈现更加复杂和规则性的特征;水域、建筑用地、草地及农田景观地类的破碎化程度提高,而林地、未利用地及道路的破碎化程度减小;农田和水域的连通性较好,景观破碎化程度较小,景观的连通性指数始终保持较高。(3)群落植被中共出现植物308种,隶属于89科234属,人工种植植物为25种,隶属于12科19属;草本层中共出现288种植物,其中,人工种植植物为15种,隶属7科12属;草本层野生植物物种更能反映纯自然物种的特征。(4)物种多样性对景观格局和景观要素的响应具有明显的尺度效应;物种多样性对景观要素的响应特征由单一景观转变为对多种景观要素以及更加复杂的景观要素镶嵌结构的响应;物种多样性对景观格局的响应特征由类型单一的景观破碎度指数转变为对景观破碎化、景观面积、景观形状等多个类型指数的响应;研究区在2005年的景观格局指数更能解释植物多样性,植物多样性对周边景观格局的响应具有一定的时间延迟,反映了当前和未来的物种分布格局与早期景观特征之间的关系。
[Abstract]:The destruction of urban surface landscape leads to the loss of biodiversity. In order to study the response of urban plant diversity to landscape pattern change, this paper takes the urban area of Xuzhou city around the city highway as the research object. According to the change characteristics of landscape gradient in the study area, a total of 36 investigation plots were set up in different directions, and the plant communities of each plot were investigated with the typical plot method. The species diversity characteristics of plant community in green space of Xuzhou city were analyzed. At the same time, the Landsat TM remote sensing images from 2005 and 2015 in the research area are taken as the basic data source, supported by the Erdas GIS software. The landscape of the study area is divided into seven types: construction, grass grass, forest land, unused land, water area, road, cropland, and so on. Using Fragstats software, the landscape pattern characteristics of the study area are analyzed. Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS, nine buffers with different amplitudes were clipped and 39 landscape pattern indices were extracted by using Fragstats software. Using RDA analysis in Canoco software. The response of plant diversity to landscape pattern was studied. The results showed that the changes of landscape composition in Xuzhou city were the decrease of farmland and unused land area and the construction land. The large increase of woodland area is the main feature, and the dominant landscape type is changed from farmland to construction land. The forestland area increased the most in the northwest and southeast regions of the study area, and the farmland decreased the most; The area of construction land increased the most in the northeast and southwest regions, and the farmland decreased the most; Xuzhou city continues to develop to the east and south, resulting in the eastern and southern regions of construction land, woodland, grassland, unused land. The average annual change rate of water area and farmland area is higher than that of western and northern region.) the degree of separation and fragmentation of urban landscape patches in Xuzhou is further enhanced, and the landscape types are more diversified and more evenly distributed. The shape of landscape elements is more complex and regular. The degree of fragmentation of water area, construction land, grassland and farmland landscape is increased, while the degree of fragmentation of forest land, unused land and road is reduced. The connectivity of farmland and water was better, the degree of landscape fragmentation was smaller, and the connectivity index of landscape was always higher. 3) 308 species of vegetation were found in the community, belonging to 234 genera of 89 families. There are 25 species of artificial plants belonging to 19 genera and 12 families. There are 288 species of plants in herbaceous layer, of which 15 species belong to 7 families and 12 genera. Wild plant species in herbaceous layer can better reflect the characteristics of pure natural species. 4) the response of species diversity to landscape pattern and landscape elements has obvious scale effect. The response of species diversity to landscape elements changed from a single landscape to a response to a variety of landscape elements and a more complex mosaic structure of landscape elements. The response characteristics of species diversity to landscape pattern changed from single landscape fragmentation index to response to landscape fragmentation, landscape area and landscape shape. In 2005, the landscape pattern index of the study area can better explain the plant diversity, and the response of plant diversity to the surrounding landscape pattern has a certain time delay. It reflects the relationship between current and future species distribution patterns and early landscape characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731;P901

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