酸碱处理对山羊绒和羊毛的结构与拉伸性能的影响

发布时间：2018-01-30 02:51

本文关键词： 山羊绒羊毛盐酸次氯酸钠结构拉伸性能　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山羊绒和羊毛都是天然蛋白质纤维,它们的化学组织结构非常相近,在吸湿、光泽、保暖性等方面有着共同点,在纺织中受到人们的偏爱。但在生产中(如洗净、漂白、印染等工艺)山羊绒和羊毛纤维的结构及性能极易受到酸碱的破坏,从而受到人们极大的重视。纤维的结构与性能的破坏会导致纺织品品质下降,并且给企业和消费者都带来很大的经济损失和困扰。因此,通过用盐酸和次氯酸钠处理山羊绒和羊毛,研究纤维的结构及拉伸性能以及寻找加工工艺所导致纤维拉伸性能降低的因素,这对提高山羊绒和羊毛制品的品质具有非常重要的意义。本文主要对山羊绒和羊毛纤维的结构与拉伸性能进行了如下研究:1.用酸碱溶液的浓度、处理温度、处理时间为影响拉伸性能的主要因素,采用三因素三水平设计正交试验,测试山羊绒和羊毛束纤维的一些基本指标(断裂强力、断裂时间、断裂伸长等)。通过多指标的直观分析和方差分析,结果表明:用盐酸处理山羊绒和羊毛纤维,盐酸浓度对束纤维的拉伸性能有着显著的影响;用次氯酸钠处理山羊绒和羊毛纤维,次氯酸钠浓度对束纤维的拉伸性能有着非常显著的影响。2.用扫描电镜对山羊绒和羊毛纤维进行观察:发现低浓度的盐酸溶液对山羊绒和羊毛纤维表面形态没有太大影响,但随着浓度的增加,对纤维的破坏就明显了,鳞片层开始翘起,小部分鳞片开始剥离;而低浓度的次氯酸钠溶液对山羊绒和羊毛纤维的破坏就已经开始了,随着浓度的增加,破坏也就越加明显,纤维的鳞片层基本被氧化,皮质层开始受损,毛干开始变得粗糙,浓度再增加,甚至纤维的皮质层基本被破坏,毛干部分被氧化,整个纤维变得异常粗糙。3.分别用X射线能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,结果表明:用盐酸处理后的山羊绒和羊毛纤维表面的C、N、O、S元素含量的变化并不明显,相对结晶指数下降的较缓和;用次氯酸钠处理后的山羊绒纤维表面的C元素含量增加,N、O、S元素含量下降,相对结晶指数下降的较快;羊毛纤维表面的C元素含量下降,N、O、S元素含量增加,相对结晶指数下降的也较快。
[Abstract]:Cashmere and wool are natural protein fibers, their chemical structure is very similar, in moisture absorption, luster, warmth and other aspects of common. It is favored in textile industry, but the structure and properties of cashmere and wool fibers in production (such as cleaning, bleaching, printing and dyeing, etc.) are easily damaged by acid and alkali. Thus, people pay great attention to it. The destruction of fiber structure and properties will lead to the decline of textile quality, and will bring great economic losses and troubles to enterprises and consumers. Through the treatment of cashmere and wool with hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite, the structure and tensile properties of the fiber were studied. This is very important to improve the quality of cashmere and wool products. The structure and tensile properties of cashmere and wool fiber were studied as follows: 1. The concentration of acid-base solution and treatment temperature were used. The treatment time is the main factor affecting the tensile properties. The orthogonal design of three factors and three levels was used to test some basic indexes of cashmere and wool bundle fiber (breaking strength and breaking time). The results show that the concentration of hydrochloric acid has a significant effect on the tensile properties of cashmere and wool fiber treated with hydrochloric acid. Cashmere and wool fibers were treated with sodium hypochlorite. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite has a significant effect on the tensile properties of the bundle fibers. 2. The cashmere and wool fibers were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the low concentration of hydrochloric acid solution had little effect on the surface morphology of cashmere and wool fiber. However, with the increase of the concentration, the destruction of the fiber was obvious, the scales began to warp and a small part of the scales began to peel off. The destruction of cashmere and wool fiber with low concentration of sodium hypochlorite has already begun. With the increase of concentration, the destruction becomes more and more obvious, the scale layer of fiber is basically oxidized, and the cortical layer is damaged. The dry began to become rough, and the concentration increased, and even the cortical layer of the fiber was basically destroyed, and the dry part was oxidized. The whole fiber became unusually rough. The results were analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results showed that the Con N2O on the surface of cashmere and wool treated with hydrochloric acid was obtained. The change of S element content is not obvious, and the decrease of relative crystallization index is more moderate. After treated with sodium hypochlorite, the content of C element on the surface of cashmere fiber increased and the relative crystallization index decreased rapidly. On the surface of wool fiber, the content of C element decreased and the relative crystallization index decreased rapidly.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S827

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