高温对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

发布时间：2018-01-30 08:30

  本文关键词： 亚洲玉米螟 极端高温 生活史性状 繁殖　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是我国玉米生产上的重要害虫,其严重危害已成为制约玉米高产优质和粮食安全的主要因素,一直是生产上亟待解决的重大问题。长期以来,对引起亚洲玉米螟发生危害的外部原因以及依靠外部干扰控制其危害的技术方面已做了大量研究,取得了较大的成就。但是,随着近年来全球气候变暖加剧,亚洲玉米螟生物学特性与危害习性的表型已发生明显改变,为害呈加重趋势,大发生频率不断增加,现有预警、防控体系面临严峻挑战。研究气候变暖条件下亚洲玉米螟对高温的生物学响应对不同生态区、不同发生世代区制定相应防治策略与防治技术具有重要的指导意义。本文通过研究卵期极端高温对亚洲玉米螟生活史性状的影响、亚洲玉米螟不同龄期极端高温对其生长发育的影响及单一高温对亚洲玉米螟成虫繁殖表现的影响,明确了不同处理时间下亚洲玉米螟不同发育阶段的耐热性差异及对后续生长发育所产生的影响。全文的主要研究结果如下:1.研究了卵期短时极端高温对亚洲玉米螟生活史性状的影响。42℃极端高温下,处理1-3h导致亚洲玉米螟幼虫的化蛹率和蛹重显著下降。卵的高温效应可能通过对蛹重的影响传递到成虫,即成虫寿命呈下降趋势。后续恢复温度的适当升高有助于卵高温作用后幼虫的存活和发育速率的加快,即较高的恢复温度可改善高温处理时间的延长对亚洲玉米螟产生的不利影响。2.研究了亚洲玉米螟幼虫不同龄期对短时极端高温的耐热性差异。随42℃暴露时间的延长,亚洲玉米螟不同龄期的存活率显著降低;并且亚洲玉米螟不同龄期的耐热性存在显著差异,其耐热性从高到低依次为3龄幼虫2龄幼虫1龄幼虫。试验还发现雌虫的耐热性显著高于雄虫。3.研究了极端高温对亚洲玉米螟成虫繁殖表现的影响。2-3h的高温并不会引起亚洲玉米螟成虫的立即死亡,但随热处理时间的延长均可导致成虫的寿命、产卵量与卵孵化率显著下降,且雌成虫高温处理所产生的不利影响远远大于对雄成虫的处理。
[Abstract]:Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis(Guen 茅 e) is an important pest in maize production in China. Its serious harm has become the main factor that restricts the high yield and good quality of corn and the food security. It has been an important problem to be solved in the production for a long time. A great deal of research has been done on the external causes of damage caused by Asian corn borer and the technology of controlling its harm by external interference. However, with the increase of global climate warming in recent years, great achievements have been made. The phenotypes of the biological characteristics and harmful habits of Asian corn borer have changed obviously. To study the biological response of Asian corn borer to high temperature in different ecological regions under the condition of global warming. It is of great significance to formulate control strategies and control techniques in different generations. This paper studied the effect of extreme high temperature during egg period on the life history traits of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). The effect of extreme high temperature at different ages on the growth and development of Asian corn borer and the effect of single high temperature on the reproductive performance of Asian corn borer. The difference of heat tolerance and its effect on the subsequent growth and development of Asian corn borer at different treatment time were clarified. The main results of this paper were as follows:. 1. The effect of extreme high temperature on the life cycle of Asian corn borer was studied. The effect of extreme high temperature on the life cycle of Asian corn borer was studied under the extreme high temperature of 42 鈩，

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