旱作梯田不同施肥方式下土壤质量与作物产量动态研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 22:22

本文选题：旱作梯田 + 施肥方式　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：旱作梯田是提高粮食单产的有效措施,新修梯田必须通过土壤培肥才能提高作物产量。在2002年5月新修旱作梯田上采用不同施肥处理研究了土壤质量与作物产量的动态特征。2003年8月开始,对新修旱作梯田做了4个施肥处理:(1)空白对照(CK):未施用任何肥料;(2)氮磷肥处理(NP):每年施70 kg/ha氮和15.7 kg/ha磷,氮肥和磷肥搭配施入;(3)有机肥处理(M):2003-2006年每年施20t/ha农家肥,2007-2016年每年施10 t/ha农家肥;(4)氮磷肥加有机肥处理(MNP):每年施70 kg/ha氮和15.7 kg/ha磷,2003-2006年每年施20t/ha农家肥,2007-2016年每年施10 t/ha农家肥,氮肥、磷肥、农家肥搭配施入。试验施加的农家肥主要是羊粪,平均养分含量如下:有机碳250.0g/kg,全氮10.0g/kg,全磷0.84g/kg,速效磷0.16g/kg,无机氮0.08g/kg;氮肥尿素中氮元素含量约为46%,磷肥过磷酸钙中五氧化二磷含量约为16%,在每年收产后的10月份施加氮磷肥和农家肥。选取了黄土高原半干旱地区三种主要的农作物,采用豌豆、春小麦、马铃薯的轮作顺序种植。试验结果主要有以下几点:1、旱作梯田在经过13年耕种过程中,4个处理在0-200 cm土层的储水量均显著下降。在0-100cm土层,施加有机肥处理(M和MNP)土壤储水量显著高于对照(CK)和单施氮磷肥处理(NP);在100-200cm土层,施加有机肥处理(M和MNP)土壤储水量则在试验后期明显低于不施加有机肥的两个处理(CK和NP)。2、旱作梯田施加有机肥(M和MNP)不仅能快速增加表层土壤轻质有机碳、总有机碳和全氮含量,而且能增加深层土壤总有机碳、全氮含量;只施加氮磷肥处理(NP)对表层土壤轻质有机碳、总有机碳和全氮含量影响很有限,对深层土壤总有机碳、全氮含量无显著影响;施加有机肥(M和MNP)和氮磷肥(NP)均能快速提高表层土壤全磷和速效磷含量,只施加氮磷肥处理(NP)无法提高深层土壤全磷、速效磷含量,施加有机肥处理(M和MNP)则可提高深层土壤全磷含量,对深层土壤速效磷含量无显著影响。3、有机肥与氮磷肥搭配施入可最大限度提高作物产量。非生长季降水量、生长季降水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效磷含量均可影响作物产量。通径分析结果表明:土壤有机碳含量对豌豆和春小麦产量影响较大;土壤全氮含量对马铃薯产量有显著影响;土壤全磷含量对春小麦产量也有一定影响;土壤速效磷含量对豌豆、春小麦、马铃薯产量均有显著影响;非生长季降水量与春小麦、马铃薯产量呈负相关,生长季降水量同豌豆、春小麦、马铃薯产量有显著正相关。
[Abstract]:Upland terrace is an effective measure to increase grain yield. New terraced fields must be fertilized by soil in order to increase crop yield. The dynamic characteristics of soil quality and crop yield were studied by using different fertilization treatments on the newly constructed upland terrace in May, 2002.From August 2003, the dynamic characteristics of soil quality and crop yield were studied. In this paper, four treatments of fertilizer application in newly dryland terraced fields were carried out, which were treated with 70 kg/ha N and 15.7 kg/ha P per year. Application of 20t/ha farm manure 10 t/ha per year from 2007-2016 to 10 t/ha per year: 70 kg/ha N and 15.7 kg/ha phosphorus per year, 10 t/ha per year from 2007-2016 to 20032006. Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, farm manure with the application. The farm manure applied in the experiment was mainly sheep manure. The average nutrient contents were as follows: organic carbon 250.0g / kg, total nitrogen 10.0g / kg, total phosphorus 0.84g / kg, available phosphorus 0.16g / kg, inorganic nitrogen 0.08g / kg, nitrogen fertilizer urea about 46g / kg, phosphate superphosphate about 16g / kg. Three main crops in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau were planted by rotation of pea, spring wheat and potato. The results of the experiment were as follows: 1. During 13 years of cultivation, the water storage of 4 treatments in 0-200 cm soil layer decreased significantly. In the 0-100cm soil layer, the soil water storage under organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in CK) and single nitrogen and phosphorus treatments, and in the 100-200cm soil layer, the soil water storage was significantly higher than that in the control soil layer. The soil water storage under organic fertilizer treatment (M and MNPs) was significantly lower than that in the two treatments without organic fertilizer (CK and NPN. 2) at the late stage of the experiment. The application of organic fertilizer M and MNPs in dryland terraces could not only increase the light organic carbon of surface soil rapidly. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC) in deep soil can be increased by adding only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NPN) to surface soil light organic carbon, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC), and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC) in deep soil are limited. The total P and available P contents of surface soil were increased rapidly by applying organic fertilizer (M and MNPs) and N P fertilizer (NPN), but the total P and available P contents in deep soil were not increased by applying N and P fertilizer only. The total phosphorus content of deep soil could be increased by applying organic fertilizer treatment (M and MNPs), but there was no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in deep soil. The combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer could increase crop yield to the maximum extent. Non-growing season precipitation, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus content can affect crop yield. Path analysis showed that soil organic carbon content had great influence on pea and spring wheat yield, soil total nitrogen content had significant effect on potato yield, soil total phosphorus content had certain effect on spring wheat yield. Soil available phosphorus content had significant effects on the yield of pea, spring wheat and potato, but the precipitation in non-growing season was negatively correlated with the yield of spring wheat, and the precipitation in growing season was positively correlated with the yield of pea, spring wheat and potato.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158.3

【参考文献】